Phospholipid Antibodies Panel IgG & IgM

Phospholipid antibodies are a type of abnormal protein in the blood that targets phospholipids, a type of fat that helps keep the cells healthy. These are usually made when the immune system mistakes part of the body as a threat. These antibodies are primarily associated with autoimmune conditions, particularly antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). It is a disorder that can lead to blood clots, pregnancy complications, and other health issues. These antibodies may also be seen temporarily in individuals with acute infections, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), or certain cancers. They can also occur due to medications (like phenytoin, penicillin, etc.) or without symptoms in older adults.

The Phospholipid Antibodies Panel IgG & IgM checks for two types of antibodies, IgM and IgG. It helps find the cause of unexplained blood clots, low platelet count, repeated miscarriages, early labor, and pre-eclampsia (high blood pressure during pregnancy).

Doctors may recommend the Phospholipid Antibodies Panel IgG & IgM if the patient is experiencing symptoms like pain and swelling in the limbs, shortness of breath, or headaches, which could indicate a thrombotic (blood clot) episode.

Elevated levels of IgG or IgM antibodies may suggest the presence of APS and an increased risk of thrombosis. High antibody levels are concerning when linked to symptoms like venous or arterial blood clots. Conversely, low levels of these antibodies may not necessarily indicate a health issue; they can also reflect a lack of autoimmune activity. In some cases, low or undetectable levels might occur in patients who have previously tested positive, as antibody levels can fluctuate over time.

For this test, a duly filled coagulation requisition form (Annexure - CR/05) is mandatory for sample collection. This form can be provided by the laboratory personnel (phlebotomist) before sample withdrawal. It is also recommended to discontinue heparin for 1 day and oral anticoagulants for 7 days before sample collection, or as advised by the doctor.

Lab test results may vary across laboratories. Do not try to self-medicate at home based solely on these results. Always consult a doctor for a proper understanding of the test results. The results of this test help the doctor create a treatment plan to reduce the risk of clotting and related complications.