Test Detail
Understanding the Test
Test Measures
FAQ's
City Price Info
Home Collection
References
Other Tests
Content created by
Written by
Reviewed by
Dr. Ashish Ranjan
MBBS, MD (Pharmacology)
Want to know more?
Read our Editorial Policy

Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy)

Also known as Microscopic urine analysis, Microscopic examination of urine, Urinalysis, Urine routine, Urine R/E, CUE (Complete Urine Examination), Urine Routine & Microscopy Extended, Urine Complete Analysis, Urine Routine Examination, Urine Examination, Routine
Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy) Includes 19 testsView All
119200 40% Off
You need to provide
Urine
This test is for
Male, Female
Test Preparation
  1. The urine sample must preferably be the first-morning midstream urine (part of urine that comes after the first and before the last stream). Collect the urine sample in a sealed and sterile screw-capped container provided by our sample collection professional. Ensure that the urethral area (from where the urine is passed) is clean & the container doesn't come in contact with your skin. Women are advised not to give the sample during the menstrual period unless prescribed.

Understanding Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy)


What is Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy)?

The Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy) test examines the urine's appearance, concentration, and content. It is done if the doctor suspects kidney disorders, diabetes, etc. This test is also done as a part of routine medical examination, pregnancy checkup, or preparation before surgery.

Urine is the body’s liquid waste made when the kidneys filter out toxins from the blood. It comprises water, salt, electrolytes such as sodium and potassium, and some chemicals. Any changes in the color, odor, or urine constituents may indicate certain health conditions.

The Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy) test examines the urine’s color, appearance, pH & specific gravity and checks for the presence of red blood cells, crystals, pus cells, bacteria, yeast, parasites, and some other constituents. Your doctor may advise this test if you show symptoms such as abdominal pain, back pain, painful or frequent urination, blood in the urine, or other urinary problems. A Urine R/M test is also used to detect, manage, and monitor the progress of ongoing treatment of different conditions such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), prostate infections, urinary tract injuries, and metabolic disorders like diabetes, kidney stones or diseases, and liver disease. 

Before your test, make sure you’ve drunk enough water to be able to submit a urine sample for testing. Your doctor may ask you to stop taking certain medications and supplements before the test as they may affect the results. A mid-stream urine sample should be collected into a sterile container provided by the sample collection professional. Women are advised not to give the sample during the menstrual period unless prescribed, as that can interfere with certain test results.

Test result ranges are approximate and may differ slightly between labs depending on the methodology and laboratory guidelines. Talk to your doctor about your specific test results. Narrate your complete medical history to help the doctor correlate your clinical and laboratory findings. The results will help them determine your medical condition and formulate your treatment plan.

What is Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy) used for?

The Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy) test is done:

  • As a part of routine medical checkups or pregnancy checkups.
  • If you have symptoms such as stomach pain, back pain, frequent or painful urination, blood in your urine, or other urinary problems.
  • To detect urinary tract infections and diseases such as diabetes, kidney disease, and liver disease.
  • To monitor the effectiveness of ongoing treatment.
  • As a preparatory checkup before surgery.

What does Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy) measure?

Contains 19 tests

The Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy) test involves gross, chemical, and microscopic evaluation of the urine sample.

  1. Gross examination: It involves visually inspecting the urine sample for color and appearance. Typically, the urine color ranges from colorless or pale yellow to deep amber, depending on the urine’s concentration. Things such as medications, supplements, and some foods such as beetroot can affect the color of your urine. However, unusual urine color can also be a sign of disease.

    In appearance, the urine sample may be clear or cloudy. A clear appearance is indicative of healthy urine. However, the presence of red blood cells, white blood cells, bacteria, etc., may result in cloudy urine, indicating conditions such as dehydration, UTIs, kidney stones, etc. Some other factors, such as sperm and skin cells, may also result in a cloudy appearance but are harmless.

  2. Chemical examination: It examines the chemical nature of the urine sample using special test strips called dipsticks. These test strips are dipped into the urine sample and change color when they come in contact with specific substances. The degree of color change estimates the amount of the substance present. Some common things detected include protein, urine pH, ketones, glucose, specific gravity, blood, bilirubin, nitrites, and urobilinogen.

  3. Microscopic examination: This involves the analysis of the urine sample under the microscope for pus cells, red blood cells, casts, crystals, bacteria, yeast. and other constituents.

expand icon

Urobilinogen

The Urobilinogen test measures the amount of urobilinogen present in the urine. Urobilinogen is a substance formed from the breakdown of bilirubin, a by-product of old red blood cells processed by the liver. This test plays a key role in assessing liver function and detecting liver diseases.

Under normal circumstances, the liver converts bilirubin into urobilinogen. Some of this urobilinogen is reabsorbed into the blood, excreted by the kidneys, and then eliminated from the body through urine. However, when liver function is impaired, the amount of urobilinogen in the urine can change. Hence, the Urobilinogen test serves as an important indicator of abnormalities such as liver disease or blockage of the bile ducts.

Know more about Urobilinogen

expand icon

Ketone

The Ketone test measures the presence of ketone bodies in the urine, which are metabolic byproducts produced when the body breaks down fat for energy in the absence of sufficient carbohydrates. This process, known as ketosis, typically occurs during states such as prolonged fasting, strict low-carbohydrate diets, or in certain medical conditions like uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, particularly type 1 diabetes. In diabetes, for instance, the test can help identify diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a serious complication characterized by high levels of ketones that can lead to an acid-base imbalance in the blood. The presence of ketones in the urine can be an important marker for monitoring metabolic states and managing conditions that affect blood sugar levels.

Know more about Ketone

expand icon

Nitrite

The Nitrite test measures the presence of nitrites in the urine sample. Nitrites are chemicals formed by the conversion of nitrates by certain bacteria. Under normal conditions, urine does not contain nitrites. However, when bacteria that cause urinary tract infections (UTIs) are present, they convert nitrates (which are normally found in the urine) into nitrites. Thus, the presence of nitrites in urine is an indication of a bacterial infection, making the Nitrite test a key tool in diagnosing UTIs.

Know more about Nitrite

expand icon

Colour

The urine colour test primarily measures the concentration and colour of urine to provide insights into an individual’s  overall health. It assesses hydration status, with clear to light yellow urine indicating good hydration and darker shades suggesting dehydration. It can also detect urinary tract infections (UTIs) through unusual colours like cloudy or reddish urine, signaling the presence of blood or pus. Abnormal urine colours, such as dark brown or amber, may indicate liver conditions like hepatitis or cirrhosis, while pink, red, or brown urine can reveal the presence of blood, signaling kidney issues, trauma, or potential malignancies. The test can reflect dietary influences and supplement intake, with certain foods and vitamins causing colour changes. It can also highlight metabolic disorders, such as porphyria, which may cause purple urine. Additionally, medication effects and potential exposure to toxins can be inferred from changes in urine colour, making this test a comprehensive indicator of overall health and potential underlying conditions.

Know more about Colour

expand icon

Appearance

The urine appearance test measures:

Colour: The urine colour indicates the presence of substances like bilirubin, blood, or medications in the urine, providing clues about liver function, hydration levels, or underlying health issues.

Clarity: The urine clarity assesses the transparency of urine, which can reveal the presence of cells, proteins, or other particles that may indicate infections or kidney disease.

Odor: The urine odor detects abnormal smells that may indicate infections or metabolic disorders affecting the urinary system.

By examining these aspects, doctors can gain insights into hydration status, kidney function, and potential health conditions affecting the urinary tract. This comprehensive evaluation aids in timely diagnosis and management of potential urinary tract problems. 

Know more about Appearance

expand icon

Specific Gravity

The urine Specific Gravity test measures the concentration of solutes in the urine, reflecting the kidneys' ability to concentrate or dilute the urine in response to varying hydration levels. By comparing the density of urine to that of water, the test provides insights into the balance of fluids and substances like salts, waste products, and other solutes. This test is important because it helps diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, including dehydration, kidney disease, diabetes insipidus, and other disorders affecting kidney function, enabling timely and appropriate medical interventions.

Know more about Specific Gravity

expand icon

Pus Cell

The pus cells test measures the presence and quantity of pus cells in urine samples. This test helps identify urinary tract infections (UTIs) and other inflammatory conditions of the urinary tract. Doctors perform this test to promptly diagnose and manage urinary tract-related disorders, ensuring timely treatment and management.

Know more about Pus Cell

expand icon

Epithelial Cell

The Epithelial Cell test measures the presence and quantity of epithelial cells shed into the urine. This test helps doctors understand urinary tract health by identifying abnormalities such as infections, inflammation, or damage to kidney tubules. Different types of epithelial cells in urine, including squamous, transitional, and renal tubular epithelial cells, provide specific insights into the nature and location of urinary tract issues. This test aids in diagnosing conditions affecting the urinary system and guides appropriate treatment strategies based on the findings.

Know more about Epithelial Cell

expand icon

Casts

The urinary cast test measures the presence, and quantity of casts in a urine sample. These casts are cylindrical structures formed from coagulated proteins and cells within the kidney's tubules. By identifying and quantifying the different types of casts, such as red blood cell casts, white blood cell casts, granular casts, and hyaline casts, the test provides valuable insights into kidney health. The presence of specific types of casts can indicate underlying kidney conditions, such as glomerulonephritis, kidney infections, acute tubular necrosis, and chronic kidney disease. This test helps doctors diagnose, monitor, and manage kidney-related issues, guiding appropriate medical interventions and treatments.

Know more about Casts

expand icon

Crystals

The Crystals test measures the presence, type, and quantity of crystals in a urine sample. Crystals can form from various salts and minerals in the urine, and their identification helps diagnose underlying conditions such as kidney stones, urinary tract infections, or metabolic disorders. The test provides insights into potential urinary tract issues by detecting specific types of crystals, such as calcium oxalate, uric acid, or struvite crystals. By analyzing the crystals, doctors can determine the severity of the condition, monitor the effectiveness of treatment, and guide preventive measures to maintain optimal urinary tract health.

Know more about Crystals

expand icon

Protein Urine

The Protein Urine test detects the presence of proteins in the urine sample. Essential proteins are typically retained in the blood by healthy kidneys, but their presence in urine can indicate kidney damage or dysfunction. Conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and certain kidney diseases can cause increased protein leakage into the urine. This test is crucial for assessing kidney health and detecting abnormalities that may require further investigation or intervention.

Know more about Protein Urine

expand icon

Ph for Urine

The Ph for Urine primarily measures the acidity or alkalinity of urine by assessing the balance of hydrogen ions in the urine. It provides insights into an individual’s metabolic and kidney function, with acidic urine suggesting conditions like metabolic or respiratory acidosis, and alkaline urine indicating potential metabolic or respiratory alkalosis. The test can also reflect dietary influences, such as high protein diets may lead to acidic urine, while fruit-rich diets may result in alkaline urine. Abnormal pH levels can indicate conditions such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, and certain metabolic disorders. Additionally, the test helps to monitor the impact of medications and supplements on urine pH, making it a valuable tool for comprehensive health assessment and diagnosis.

Know more about Ph for Urine

expand icon

Urine Glucose

The Urine Glucose test measures the presence or absence of glucose in the urine sample. Normally, glucose is filtered out by the kidneys and reabsorbed into the blood, so it should not be detectable in the urine. When glucose appears in the urine, it indicates that blood glucose levels may be elevated beyond the kidneys' reabsorption capacity. 

Urine glucose is a useful test to check how well your body is managing glucose levels and kidney function. It helps diagnose and monitor diabetes, provides insight into blood sugar control, and can indicate potential issues with kidney function.

Know more about Urine Glucose

expand icon

Yeast

The urine yeast test measures the presence of yeast cells in the urine sample. The presence of yeast cells can indicate an infection or an imbalance in the urinary tract's natural microbial environment. Yeast is a type of fungus that naturally resides in small amounts on the skin, in the mouth, and in the intestines. However, when it overgrows, it can cause infections, such as yeast infections in the urinary tract which require medical attention. Therefore this test is crucial for identifying fungal infections, particularly those caused by Candida species, and plays a vital role in guiding appropriate treatment strategies.

Know more about Yeast

expand icon

Red Blood Cells

The Red Blood Cells test measures the presence and amount of red blood cells (RBCs) in a urine sample. The primary purpose of the test is to detect hematuria, a condition characterized by the presence of blood in the urine. Hematuria can be either visible (gross hematuria) or invisible to the naked eye (microscopic hematuria), and the RBC Urine Test is capable of detecting both. It serves as an early indicator of various underlying health conditions ranging from urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney stones, and kidney disease, to more serious conditions such as bladder cancer or trauma to the urinary tract. Early identification of hematuria through the RBC Urine Test can prompt timely treatment and management of these conditions, which can significantly improve patient outcomes and prevent complications. 

Know more about Red Blood Cells

expand icon

Leucocyte Esterase

The Leucocyte Esterase test measures the presence of leukocyte esterase (an enzyme released by white blood cells) in urine samples, which are typically present when there is an infection or inflammation in the urinary tract. Common conditions associated with elevated leukocyte esterase levels include urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney infections (pyelonephritis), and interstitial cystitis. When the body's immune system detects pathogens such as bacteria, it sends white blood cells to the affected area to combat the infection, leading to an increase in leukocyte esterase levels in the urine. Thus, the Leucocyte Esterase test serves as a marker for these underlying issues ensuring early detection and appropriate treatment.

Know more about Leucocyte Esterase

expand icon

Blood

The Blood test measures the presence of blood in the urine sample, indicating potential issues within the urinary system or kidneys. This test is crucial for diagnosing conditions such as hematuria,  urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney stones, kidney disease, or even certain cancers that can cause bleeding in the urinary tract.

Depending on whether the blood is visible to the naked eye (macroscopic hematuria) or only detectable under a microscope (microscopic hematuria), doctors can assess the severity and potential causes of the bleeding. By analyzing the presence of blood in the urine sample, doctors can determine the appropriate course of treatment and management, ensuring timely intervention to address underlying health concerns affecting urinary tract and kidney function.

Know more about Blood

expand icon

Bacteria

The Bacteria test measures the presence and amount of bacteria in the urine. Normally, urine is sterile, but the presence of bacteria indicates an infection in the urinary system. This test helps diagnose UTIs, bladder infections, and other related conditions, guiding appropriate treatment plans.

Know more about Bacteria

expand icon

Bilirubin

The Bilirubin test measures the levels of bilirubin present in the urine. Bilirubin is a by-product of the breakdown of old red blood cells, processed by the liver. This test is crucial in assessing liver function and detecting liver diseases.

Normally, the liver converts bilirubin into a form that can be excreted into bile and eventually eliminated from the body. When liver function is impaired, the amount of bilirubin in the urine can change, serving as an important indicator of abnormalities such as liver disease or bile duct blockage.

Know more about Bilirubin

Answers to Patient Concerns & Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy)


Frequently Asked Questions about Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy)

Q. Is fasting required for the Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy) test?

No, fasting is not required for this test. You can eat or drink normally before the test.

Q. Is there any special preparation needed before the Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy) test?

In general, no special preparation is required before the Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy) test. However, it is important to follow any instructions, such as avoiding certain foods or medications that may interfere with the test results provided by the doctor.

Q. What can affect the results of the Urine Routine and Microscopy test?

Factors that can affect the results of the Urine Routine and Microscopy test include the timing of the test, recent food and fluid intake, certain medications, and certain medical conditions such as dehydration or kidney disease. It is important to discuss any factors that may affect your test results with the doctor before the test.

Q. Is there any risk associated with the Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy) test?

No risks are associated with collecting a midstream urine specimen for microscopic urinalysis. If a catheter is used to obtain the urine, it may cause temporary discomfort.

Q. Can the Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy) test detect sexually transmitted diseases?

No, this test cannot detect sexually transmitted diseases.

Q. What is the difference between the Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy) test and Urine Culture and Sensitivity test?

The Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy) test is the examination of urine’s appearance, concentration, and content, whereas a Urine Culture and Sensitivity test identifies the microorganisms responsible for UTI.
+ more

Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy) test price for other cities


Price inBangaloreRs. 149
Price inNew DelhiRs. 119
Price inMumbaiRs. 119
Price inPuneRs. 119
Price inKolkataRs. 109
+ more

Book a Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy) test at home near me

Easy online booking
Search for tests and packages, book a time and select address for seamless at-home lab tests.
Live tracking of phlebotomist
Stay informed with live tracking of our phlebotomist's location for seamless sample collection.
Safe collection
Our phlebotomists follow strict safety protocols to collect samples at home on time.
Sample received at lab
Your sample is bought to our laboratory for testing by our qualified experts.
Quick reports, free follow up
Reports are sent to your email. A free doctor follow up is provided to understand the report better.
Test conducted by
Tata 1mg Labs (Tata 1mg Technologies Private Limited )
CAP accredited, ISO certified
Know more

INDIA’S LARGEST HEALTHCARE PLATFORM

260m+
Visitors
31m+
Orders Delivered
1800+
Cities
Get the link to download App
Reliable

All products displayed on Tata 1mg are procured from verified and licensed pharmacies. All labs listed on the platform are accredited

Secure

Tata 1mg uses Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) 128-bit encryption and is Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) compliant

Affordable

Find affordable medicine substitutes, save up to 50% on health products, up to 80% off on lab tests and free doctor consultations.

Know more about Tata 1mgdownArrow

Access medical and health information

Tata 1mg provides you with medical information which is curated, written and verified by experts, accurate and trustworthy. Our experts create high-quality content about medicines, diseases, lab investigations, Over-The-Counter (OTC) health products, Ayurvedic herbs/ingredients, and alternative remedies.

Order medicines online

Get free medicine home delivery in over 1800 cities across India. You can also order Ayurvedic, Homeopathic and other Over-The-Counter (OTC) health products. Your safety is our top priority. All products displayed on Tata 1mg are procured from verified and licensed pharmacies.

Book lab tests

Book any lab tests and preventive health packages from certified labs and get tested from the comfort of your home. Enjoy free home sample collection, view reports online and consult a doctor online for free.

Consult a doctor online

Got a health query? Consult doctors online from the comfort of your home for free. Chat privately with our registered medical specialists to connect directly with verified doctors. Your privacy is guaranteed.