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GAD Total Antibody Type I Diabetes

Also referred as

Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibodies

GAD Antibody Test

GAD65 Antibody Test

Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibodies Test

Islet Cell Antibody GAD Test

For men & women

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192 hours

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1 test

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The GAD Total Antibody Type I Diabetes test measures the amount of antibodies that target the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) enzyme in the pancreas and nervous system. These antibodies are linked to the autoimmune response that can cause type 1 diabetes. The test helps diagnose early-stage type 1 diabetes and assess the risk of developing diabetes.

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Blood

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No special preparation is required.

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Understanding GAD Total Antibody Type I Diabetes

The GAD enzyme is involved in the production of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is important for the proper functioning of the insulin-producing islet cells in the pancreas. These antibodies can show up in the blood years before the onset of clinical symptoms of type 1 diabetes, making this test a useful marker for identifying individuals who may be more likely to develop the disease.

In type 1 diabetes, the immune system mistakenly targets the GAD enzyme and produces antibodies against it. Detecting these antibodies early can help with early treatment, allowing for better management of the condition and potentially delaying the onset of severe symptoms associated with type 1 diabetes.

This test is recommended for people with diabetes symptoms like frequent urination, thirst, tiredness, weight loss, or numbness in the hands or feet. It is also useful if the individual has a family history of type 1 diabetes or autoimmune diseases. Additionally, this test is useful for differentiating between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as well as aiding in the diagnosis of other autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1), stiff-person syndrome, cerebellar ataxia, epilepsy, seizures and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes..

No special preparation is needed for the GAD Total Antibody Type I Diabetes. However, let the doctor know about any medications, supplements, or health conditions, as they might affect the results.

Lab test results may vary across laboratories. Abnormal test results require an expert interpretation. Therefore, don't self-medicate at home solely based on these results. Always consult a doctor for a proper understanding of the test results.

Please note: This is an outsourced test. The sample for this test is collected by TATA 1MG and processed at a NABL accredited partnered lab.

What does GAD Total Antibody Type I Diabetes measure?

The GAD Total Antibody Type I Diabetes test measures the presence of antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD-65), an enzyme found in the pancreas and central nervous system. GAD-65 is vital in the production of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that regulates communication between nerve cells/neurons . GAD antibodies are linked to diabetes, which attacks the cells in the pancreas that make insulin. As the amount of GAD increases, it reduces insulin in the blood, which can lead to diabetes. If not treated, type 1 diabetes can cause serious problems like kidney damage, nerve damage, vision issues, and heart disease.

Furthermore, the presence of antibodies against GAD-65 may also indicate an autoimmune response, where the body’s immune system attacks its own tissues, resulting in autoimmune diseases like Stiff Person Syndrome. A GAD antibody test gives doctors important information about your risk for diabetes and certain autoimmune conditions. The results can help guide the right care and follow up for you.

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FAQs related to GAD Total Antibody Type I Diabetes

What is the GAD Total Antibody Type I Diabetes test?

The GAD Total Antibody Type I Diabetes test is a blood test that measures the presence of antibodies against the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). These antibodies are associated with an autoimmune response that can lead to type 1 diabetes.

Why should I take the GAD Total Antibody Type I Diabetes test?

You should consider taking the test if you have symptoms of diabetes, such as excessive thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue. It is also helpful if you are at high risk of type 1 diabetes, for instance, if you have a family history of autoimmune diseases or type 1 diabetes. This test helps differentiate type 1 diabetes from type 2 diabetes and other forms of diabetes.

Is there any special preparation needed for this test?

No, there is no special preparation required for the GAD Total Antibody Type I Diabetes test. You can eat and drink as usual before the test. Inform your doctor about any medications or health conditions, as they could influence your test results.

How is the GAD Total Antibody Type I Diabetes test performed?

A phlebotomist will clean your skin with an alcohol wipe and take a blood sample using a needle. The blood sample is then sent to a lab to check for GAD-65 antibodies.

What does a positive result mean?

A positive result indicates the presence of antibodies against the GAD enzyme, suggesting an autoimmune response against the pancreatic cells responsible for insulin production. This may be an early indicator of type 1 diabetes or an increased risk of developing the disease. Further clinical evaluation is typically required to confirm the diagnosis.

What does a negative result mean?

A negative result means that GAD antibodies were not detected in your blood. This suggests that you may not have type 1 diabetes or that your immune system has not yet started attacking the pancreatic cells. However, this does not rule out diabetes entirely, as some individuals with type 1 diabetes may not test positive for GAD antibodies.

What is the role of GAD-65 in the body?

GAD-65 is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of GABA. This neurotransmitter plays a key role in regulating communication between nerve cells and is essential for muscle coordination and controlling brain activity.

What is stiff person syndrome?

Stiff person syndrome is a rare neurological disorder characterized by stiffness, muscle spasms, and functional impairment. It is often associated with the presence of GAD-65 antibodies, indicating an autoimmune component.

Can I have type 1 diabetes without GAD-65 antibodies?

Yes, not all individuals with type 1 diabetes have GAD-65 antibodies. There are also other autoantibodies associated with type 1 diabetes.

Are there other antibodies associated with type 1 diabetes?

Yes, besides GAD-65 antibodies, there are other antibodies associated with type 1 diabetes, such as IA-2 (Insulinoma-Associated-2), ZnT8 (Zinc Transporter 8), IAA (Insulin Autoantibody) and ICA (Islet cell antibodies ).

Is there a cure for conditions associated with GAD-65 antibodies?

There is no cure for type 1 diabetes or stiff person syndrome. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications.

How does Tata 1mg ensure accurate lab test results?

Tata 1mg ensures accurate lab test results through certified laboratories that use advanced technology and adhere to stringent quality control measures. This commitment to high standards guarantees reliable results.

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Last Updated

19th Oct 2025