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A Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate test measures the levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) in the blood. DHEAS is a steroid hormone that is present in both males and females. It is primarily produced by the adrenal glands, with smaller amounts produced by ovaries in females and testicles in males. 

DHEAS plays a role in developing male secondary sexual characteristics at puberty. The body can convert it into more potent androgens like testosterone and androstenedione. Also, it can be converted into the female hormone estrogen. 

A Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate test helps diagnose and differentiate certain endocrine disorders, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of hormonal balance in the body.

The Testosterone Free test measures the level of unattached or free testosterone in the blood. It is called free testosterone or free T because it is not attached to other molecules, especially proteins. The body actively uses free testosterone as signaling molecules that regulate metabolism and other cellular functions.

An HbA1c (Glycosylated Hemoglobin) test precisely measures the percentage of sugar-coated or glycated hemoglobin in your blood. The test results represent the proportion of hemoglobin in your blood that has been glycated. 

Hemoglobin, a vital protein found in red blood cells, is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. Hemoglobin A is the most abundant form of hemoglobin, and when blood sugar levels increase, a higher proportion of hemoglobin A becomes glycated. As red blood cells have a lifespan of approximately 120 days, the sugar molecules remain attached to the hemoglobin for the duration of the cell's life. Consequently, the HbA1c test offers insight into your average blood sugar levels over the past 8 to 12 weeks.

The AMH (Anti-Mullerian Hormone) test measures the levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in the body. This hormone is produced by the testes in men and the ovaries in women. In women, this test helps assess ovarian reserve (no. of eggs remaining in the ovaries), assess fertility potential, predict response to treatments like IVF, and diagnose conditions like Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). On the other hand, in men, AMH supports sperm development. Low levels may suggest problems with sperm development or undescended testes, while high levels are normal in boys before puberty. It is important to note that while the AMH test provides valuable insights into fertility potential in both men and women, it does not assess egg quality or other fertility factors. Always consult a doctor to understand your test results.

An E2 (Estradiol) test measures estradiol levels, a hormone produced in men and women. It helps assess early or delayed puberty, menstrual problems, symptoms associated with menopause, or certain cancers like ovarian cancer. This test provides valuable information about ovarian function and aids doctors in evaluating menstrual issues, such as abnormal bleeding or missed periods. The test can also assess the health of the testes, ovaries, or adrenal glands. Most diseases associated with estrogen/estradiol, such as PCOS, infertility, some cancers, etc., can be prevented by lifestyle modifications, menopausal hormone therapy, or other supplements such as calcium, vitamin D, and micronutrients.

The FSH, LH & Prolactin test measures levels of three hormones, namely follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin, that are critical for reproductive function in males and females. This hormonal test is conducted to address various issues associated with the process of ovulation, fertility, and reproductive organs.

These hormones are important for reproductive health. Their levels help doctors understand problems with ovulation, fertility, and hormone production. In children, these hormone levels are usually low. But as puberty starts, the brain produces a hormone called GnRH, which signals the pituitary gland to release FSH and LH into the blood.

The Thyroid Profile Total (T3, T4 & TSH) measures the levels of triiodothyronine hormone (T3) total, thyroxine hormone (T4) total, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood. Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and TSH work in opposite ways. When T3 and T4 levels go up, TSH levels usually go down, and when T3 and T4 go down, TSH goes up. This happens due to the pituitary-thyroid feedback mechanism:

In hypothyroidism (low levels of T3 and T4), the pituitary gland responds by increasing TSH secretion to stimulate the thyroid gland.

In hyperthyroidism (elevated T3 and T4 levels), TSH secretion is suppressed to decrease thyroid activity.

The HOMA IR; Insulin Resistance Index is a blood test used to assess an individual's insulin resistance, a fundamental aspect of metabolic health crucial for regulating blood sugar levels. The test is based on the principle that the body's glucose and insulin levels are closely related. When the body is functioning normally, glucose and insulin levels should be in balance. Through a mathematical model utilizing fasting insulin and glucose levels, this test provides a quantitative assessment of insulin sensitivity. This index helps doctors gauge how effectively the body processes glucose in response to insulin. Getting tested offers insights into the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders.

Moreover, the HOMA IR; Insulin Resistance Index test helps in personalized health management. By identifying individuals with insulin resistance early on, doctors can implement targeted strategies. These may include lifestyle modifications and medication therapy to improve insulin sensitivity and prevent complications. However, in individuals taking insulin injections, HOMA IR cannot be used to assess pancreatic beta cell function accurately. For such individuals, the HOMA IR-C peptide model is recommended. 

Also, checking HOMA-IR levels regularly helps doctors see if the treatment is working. Overall, the HOMA IR; Insulin Resistance Index test empowers individuals and doctors to proactively address metabolic health concerns, paving the way for improved overall well-being and reduced risk of chronic diseases.