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HOMA IR; Insulin Resistance Index

HOMA IR; Insulin Resistance Index

Also referred as
HOMA Index Insulin Resistance
Insulin Resistance Index
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The HOMA IR; Insulin Resistance Index is a group of blood tests used to assess an individual's insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a condition where cells fail to respond effectively to insulin. The resistance is calculated using fasting insulin and glucose levels. 

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Overnight fasting required for 8 to 12 hours
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Understanding HOMA IR; Insulin Resistance Index

The HOMA IR; Insulin Resistance Index test offers a noninvasive means to assess insulin sensitivity. The HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) calculation involves a mathematical model (calculated score). This method takes into account fasting glucose and insulin levels. It gives a quantitative measure of insulin resistance. The higher an individual's score, the more resistant they are to the action of insulin, indicating an increased risk for type 2 diabetes.

HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) test tells how much insulin the pancreas needs to produce to control the blood sugar levels. This test offers a series of five parameters, including insulin-fasting, beta cell function, insulin sensitivity, glucose-fasting, and HOMA IR Index. The HOMA IR; Insulin Resistance Index test goes a step further than a normal blood sugar test and is used as an effective method for clinical research and treatments. It is particularly useful in the early detection of conditions like type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). 

Usually, overnight fasting (8 to 12 hours) is required before the HOMA IR; Insulin Resistance Index test. Do not eat or drink anything except water before the test. Inform the doctor about any medications, supplements, or herbal remedies being taken. Some of them may interfere with the test results and may require temporary discontinuation. 

Test result ranges are approximate and may differ slightly between labs depending on the methodology and laboratory guidelines. Talk to the doctor about the specific test results. The results will help doctors identify individuals at risk of metabolic dysfunction, enabling early intervention strategies such as lifestyle modifications, medications, etc. 

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What does HOMA IR; Insulin Resistance Index measure?

Contains 5 tests

The HOMA IR; Insulin Resistance Index is a blood test used to assess an individual's insulin resistance, a fundamental aspect of metabolic health crucial for regulating blood sugar levels. The test is based on the principle that the body's glucose and insulin levels are closely related. When the body is functioning normally, glucose and insulin levels should be in balance. Through a mathematical model utilizing fasting insulin and glucose levels, this test provides a quantitative assessment of insulin sensitivity. This index helps doctors gauge how effectively the body processes glucose in response to insulin. Getting tested offers insights into the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders.

Moreover, the HOMA IR; Insulin Resistance Index test helps in personalized health management. By identifying individuals with insulin resistance early on, doctors can implement targeted strategies. These may include lifestyle modifications and medication therapy to improve insulin sensitivity and prevent complications. However, in individuals taking insulin injections, HOMA IR cannot be used to assess pancreatic beta cell function accurately. For such individuals, the HOMA IR-C peptide model is recommended. 

Also, checking HOMA-IR levels regularly helps doctors see if the treatment is working. Overall, the HOMA IR; Insulin Resistance Index test empowers individuals and doctors to proactively address metabolic health concerns, paving the way for improved overall well-being and reduced risk of chronic diseases.

The Insulin, Fasting test evaluates the body's ability to regulate blood sugar levels by measuring the amount of insulin in the blood after an overnight fast. Glucose is a source of energy that helps the body perform daily activities. Your body gets glucose from carbohydrates that are consumed in the diet. These carbohydrates are digested and converted into simple sugar (glucose). The cells then absorb the required amount of glucose to produce energy, and the remaining amount is stored in other forms, like fats. The insulin hormone helps the cells to uptake glucose from the blood for utilization and storage. Thus, it is necessary to maintain insulin levels in your body.

Know more about Insulin, Fasting

Beta Cell Function
Insulin Sensitivity

The FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar) test measures the glucose level in the body under overnight fasting conditions. Glucose is the body's energy currency and is broken down through metabolism to produce energy. Hormones and enzymes produced by the liver and pancreas control this process. The hormone insulin, produced by the pancreas, regulates blood glucose levels. When these levels are high, such as after a meal, insulin is secreted to transport glucose into cells for energy production. Elevated glucose levels in the body after fasting may indicate a risk of developing prediabetes or diabetes, which can be of two types: type 1, caused by little or no insulin production, and type 2, caused by insulin resistance or decreased insulin production.

What Do the Results Mean?

Pathological Factors 

Test Parameter

Interpretation (possible causes)

Normal

  • No diabetes

Borderline/Elevated

  • Pre-diabetes (can be due to insulin resistance, and other risk factors like obesity, unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, etc.)

High levels

  • Diabetes

Physiological Factors

šŸ§’ Age: Glucose levels may increase slightly with age, even in healthy individuals.

šŸ«„ Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can temporarily alter blood sugar levels.

Lifestyle Factors

šŸ½ļø Diet: High sugar intake, irregular meals can affect fasting glucose readings.

šŸ˜“ Sleep: Poor sleep quality, irregular sleep patterns, or chronic stress may elevate fasting glucose levels.

šŸš¬ Smoking & Alcohol: Both can interfere with insulin function and lead to inaccurate blood sugar results.

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized guidance.

What Do Normal Fasting Blood Sugar Levels Mean?

Normal fasting blood sugar levels suggest that your body is efficiently regulating glucose through proper insulin function. It indicates a stable energy balance and a lower risk of developing diabetes or related metabolic issues.

What Do High Levels of Fasting Blood Sugar Indicate?

High fasting blood sugar levels may point to insulin resistance or reduced insulin activity in the body. It can be an early sign of prediabetes or diabetes and is often linked to factors such as poor diet, stress, inactivity, or certain health conditions.

What to Do if Your Fasting Blood Sugar Is Higher Than Normal?

If your fasting blood sugar level is higher than normal, it is important to follow up with your doctor. Many people successfully manage or reverse borderline results with healthy lifestyle changes such as balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, adequate sleep, and medical guidance when required.

What Do Low Levels of Fasting Blood Sugar Indicate?

Low fasting blood sugar levels may indicate that your body has more insulin than needed or that you have not eaten enough before the test. It can also occur due to certain medications or underlying medical conditions. Always consult your healthcare provider to understand the reason and manage it safely.

Can Fasting Blood Sugar Results Be Inaccurate?

Certain conditions or external factors such as skipping meals, lack of sleep etc., can affect FBS results. If your readings do not align with your symptoms or overall health, your doctor may recommend repeating the test or performing additional investigations to confirm accuracy.

What Factors Can Affect Fasting Blood Sugar Results?

Though a reliable test, some circumstances can influence accuracy:

  • Eating or drinking anything (other than water) before the test
  • Dehydration or prolonged fasting
  • Stress or lack of sleep before testing
  • Certain medications 
  • Sunburn
  • Coffee intake
  • Alcohol

What Follow-Up Tests May Be Required?

Table: Tests Commonly Ordered Alongside Fasting Blood Sugar Test:

Test Name

Primary Purpose

HbA1c (Glycosylated Hemoglobin)

Measures average blood sugar over 2ā€“3 months

Postprandial Blood Sugar (PPBS)

Checks glucose levels 2 hours after eating

RBS (Random Blood Sugar)

Measures blood sugar at any time, without the need for fasting.

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)

Evaluates how the body processes sugar

Lipid Profile

Evaluates cholesterol and overall heart risk

Urine Microalbumin

Detects early signs of kidney damage

Liver/Kidney Function Tests

Monitors organ health and diabetes-related complications

Thyroid Profile

Assesses metabolism and hormone balance

How Does FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar) Differ from Other Glucose Blood Tests?

  • PPBS (Postprandial Blood Sugar): Measures blood sugar 2 hours after eating a meal.
  • RBS (Random Blood Sugar): Measures blood sugar anytime, without fasting.
  • OGTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test): Measures blood sugar before and after consuming glucose.
  • Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c): Reflects average blood sugar over the past 2ā€“3 months

Know more about FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar)

HOMA-IR Index

FAQs related to HOMA IR; Insulin Resistance Index

The HOMA IR; Insulin Resistance Index is a blood test that measures insulin resistance. It checks how effectively the body responds to insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels.
Yes, you must fast for 8-12 hours before taking the HOMA IR; Insulin Resistance Index test. However, you can drink water.
The risks associated with this test are generally minimal. Some people may experience mild pain or discomfort at the site from where the blood sample is taken, which is usually self-limiting.
A high HOMA index indicates the presence of insulin resistance, a condition in which the body does not adequately respond to insulin. It can lead to significant consequences, such as elevated blood sugar levels, increased insulin production, weight gain, and cardiovascular risk.
Yes, the HOMA IR test can predict the risk of developing diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes. Elevated HOMA IR levels indicate insulin resistance, a key factor that contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes.
TType 2 diabetes is largely preventable through lifestyle changes such as keeping weight under control, exercising regularly, eating a healthy diet, and avoiding smoking. However, type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition, and currently, there is no cure for it.
The frequency of getting the HOMA IR; Insulin Resistance Index test depends on the individualā€™s health condition and their diabetes status. However, it is best to follow your doctor's recommendations.
Tata 1mg ensures accurate lab test results through certified laboratories. Tata 1mg uses advanced technology and adheres to stringent quality control measures. This commitment to high standards guarantees reliable results.
Content created by
Written by:
Dr. Lipika Khurana
PGDHHM, BDS
Reviewed by:
Dr. Swati Gupta (Anand)
MBBS, MD Lab Medicine
Want to know moreRead our editorial policy
Last Updated28th Nov 2025

HOMA IR; Insulin Resistance Index test price for other cities

Price inBangaloreRs. 1169
Price inMumbaiRs. 829
Price inHyderabadRs. 869
Price inNew DelhiRs. 829
Price inPuneRs. 1129

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Contains 5 tests
Insulin, Fasting
Beta Cell Function
Insulin Sensitivity
FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar)
HOMA-IR Index