AMH (Anti-Mullerian Hormone)
Understanding AMH (Anti-Mullerian Hormone)
What is AMH (Anti-Mullerian Hormone)?
The AMH (Anti-Mullerian Hormone) test measures the level of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in the body. Though both men and women produce AMH, this test is frequently used in women to determine their reproductive health. AMH levels provide insights into ovarian reserve (the number and quality of eggs in the ovaries) and help assess fertility.
Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), also known as Mullerian-inhibiting hormone (MIH), is produced by the testes in males and ovaries in females. The role of AMH and its amount in the body vary by gender and age. This hormone helps in determining the development and functioning of the reproductive organs.
👩⚕️
What is AMH (Anti-Mullerian Hormone) used for?
The AMH (Anti-Mullerian Hormone) test is done:
In Symptomatic Individuals
- Irregular or missed menstrual cycles
- Difficulty conceiving or unexplained infertility
- Hair loss
- Weight gain
- Early signs of menopause
- Hot flashes
- Low libido
In High-Risk Groups
- Diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Early menopause
- History of ovarian surgery or cancer treatments (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation)
In Special Populations
- Women planning to delay pregnancy
- Women considering egg freezing or IVF
- For the testicular function in males
- Infants with ambiguous genitalia and other intersex conditions
What does AMH (Anti-Mullerian Hormone) measure?
An AMH (Anti-Mullerian Hormone) test evaluates the amount of AMH available in your body. AMH is produced by the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles in females and the Sertoli cells of the testes in males. During the early development of a baby boy, AMH levels are high, which inhibits the development of female reproductive organs while promoting the development of male reproductive organs. On the contrary, in a girl child, low levels of AMH are produced, thus allowing the development of female reproductive structures. The AMH level in young girls remains low until puberty but increases significantly, reaching a peak in early adulthood. AMH levels tend to decrease with age and are undetectable in postmenopausal women.
AMH plays a vital role in developing ovarian follicles in women and is considered an important marker of ovarian reserve, which can be essential in assessing fertility. In men, this hormone is involved in the development and functioning of the testes. Measuring AMH levels in the blood provides critical information about reproductive health in both men and women, which can help assess fertility and guide treatment.
Interpreting AMH (Anti-Mullerian Hormone) results
Interpretations
Males:
|
Age |
Blood AMH Level |
|
Below 24 months |
14 to 466 ng/ml |
|
24 months to 12 years |
7.4 to 243 ng/ml |
|
Above 12 years |
0.7 to 19 ng/ml |
Females:
|
Age |
Blood AMH Level |
|
Below 24 months |
Below 4.7 ng/ml |
|
24 months to 12 years |
Below 8.8 ng/ml |
|
13 to 45 years |
0.9 to 9.5 ng/ml |
|
Above 45 years |
Below 1.0 ng/ml |
Results in the normal range indicate high fertility and ovarian reserve and a high chance of IVF success.
The low normal range results indicate low fertility and ovarian reserve and a reduced but fair chance of IVF success.
Results in the very low range indicate a very low ovarian reserve and low chances of reproductive success with IVF.
High AMH levels are usually seen in PCOS and some AMH-producing ovarian tumors.
Answers to Patient Concerns & Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about AMH (Anti-Mullerian Hormone)
Frequently Asked Questions about AMH (Anti-Mullerian Hormone)
Q. What is an AMH (Anti-Mullerian Hormone) test used for?
Q. How is an AMH (Anti-Mullerian Hormone) test performed?
Q. Can I take an AMH (Anti-Mullerian Hormone) test during the menstruation period?
Q. What do high AMH levels indicate?
Q. Does low AMH mean early menopause?
Q. Can men undergo AMH testing?
Q. What is the function of the anti-Mullerian hormone in males?
Q. How can I increase my AMH levels naturally?
Q. What additional tests can be done along with an AMH (Anti-Mullerian Hormone) test?
Q. How can I increase my AMH levels naturally?
Q. What is a good AMH level to get pregnant?
Q. How much does the AMH (Anti-Mullerian Hormone) test cost?
Q. What does it mean if my AMH level is low?
Q. What foods can help increase AMH levels?
Book a AMH (Anti-Mullerian Hormone) test at home near me
References
- La Marca A, Broekmans FJ, Volpe A, Fauser BC, Macklon NS; ESHRE Special Interest Group for Reproductive Endocrinology--AMH Round Table. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH): what do we still need to know? Hum Reprod. 2009 Sep;24(9):2264-75. [Accessed 20 Sep. 2023]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19520713/
- Oh SR, Choe SY, Cho YJ. Clinical application of serum anti-Müllerian hormone in women. Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2019 Jun;46(2):50-59. [Accessed 20 Sep. 2023]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6572668/
- Banerjee K, Thind A, Bhatnagar N, Singla B, Agria K, Bajaj P, Jindal A, Arora S, Goyal P, Mittal B, Malhotra K, Pai H, Malhotra J, Goel P, Jindal N. Effect of Reproductive and Lifestyle Factors on Anti-Mullerian Hormone Levels in Women of Indian Origin. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2022 Jul-Sep;15(3):259-271. [Accessed 20 Sep. 2023]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9635372/
- Matuszczak E, Hermanowicz A, Komarowska M, Debek W. Serum AMH in Physiology and Pathology of Male Gonads. Int J Endocrinol. 2013 Oct. 24;2013:128907. [Accessed 20 Sep. 2023]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3824311/#:~:text=AMH%20is%20secreted%20by%20immature,in%20testicular%20development%20and%20function.
- La Marca A, Stabile G, Artenisio AC, Volpe A. Serum anti-Mullerian hormone throughout the human menstrual cycle. Hum Reprod. 2006 Dec;21(12):3103-7. [Accessed 20 Sep. 2023]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16923748/
- White ND. Influence of Sleep on Fertility in Women. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2016 Apr 3;10(4):239-241. [Accessed 20 Sep. 2023]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6125064/#:~:text=Sleep%2C%20sleep%20disturbance%2C%20and%2F,(AMH)%2C%20and%20progesterone.
- Dong YZ, Zhou FJ, Sun YP. Psychological stress is related to a decrease of serum anti-müllerian hormone level in infertile women. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2017 Jul 11;15(1):51. [Accessed 20 Sep. 2023]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5504612/
- Szczuko M, Kikut J, Szczuko U, Szydłowska I, Nawrocka-Rutkowska J, Ziętek M, Verbanac D, Saso L. Nutrition Strategy and Life Style in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2021 Jul 18;13(7):2452. [Accessed 20 Sep. 2023]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8308732/
- Shrikhande L, Shrikhande B, Shrikhande A. AMH and Its Clinical Implications. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2020 Oct;70(5):337-341. [Accessed 30 Apr. 2025]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7515982/
- He X, Wang SY, Yin CH, Wang T, Jia CW, Ma YM. Hydrogen-rich Water Exerting a Protective Effect on Ovarian Reserve Function in a Mouse Model of Immune Premature Ovarian Failure Induced by Zona Pellucida 3. Chin Med J (Engl). 2016 Oct 5;129(19):2331-7. [Accessed 30 Apr. 2025]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27647193/
- Mennitti C, Farina G, Imperatore A, De Fonzo G, Gentile A, La Civita E, Carbone G, De Simone RR, Di Iorio MR, Tinto N, Frisso G, D'Argenio V, Lombardo B, Terracciano D, Crescioli C, Scudiero O. How Does Physical Activity Modulate Hormone Responses? Biomolecules. 2024 Nov 7;14(11):1418. [Accessed 30 Apr. 2025]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11591795/
- de Angelis C, Nardone A, Garifalos F, Pivonello C, Sansone A, Conforti A, Di Dato C, Sirico F, Alviggi C, Isidori A, Colao A, Pivonello R. Smoke, alcohol and drug addiction and female fertility. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2020 Mar 12;18(1):21. [Accessed 30 Apr. 2025]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7069005/
- Plante BJ, Cooper GS, Baird DD, Steiner AZ. The impact of smoking on antimüllerian hormone levels in women aged 38 to 50 years. Menopause. 2010 May-Jun;17(3):571-6. [Accessed 30 Apr. 2025]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2866786/
Other tests
