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SGPT (Alanine Transaminase)

Also referred as

ALT

Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase

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An SGPT (Alanine Transaminase) test measures the amount of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) enzyme in the blood. This test helps detect liver diseases, such as jaundice, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, etc. It may be done as part of a routine health checkup or liver function test to detect possible liver damage or disease.

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Understanding SGPT (Alanine Transaminase)

SGPT, also known as alanine transaminase (ALT), is an enzyme produced by the liver and has various functions. When the liver is damaged or inflamed due to certain medical conditions or lifestyle factors, it releases the enzyme ALT into the bloodstream. The SGPT or ALT test measures the level of this enzyme in your blood. Aside from the liver, ALT is also found in other body parts, such as the kidneys.

An SGPT test may be done if you experience symptoms such as loss of appetite, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, itching, and the yellowing of the skin and eyes (symptoms of jaundice). This test may also help to monitor any ongoing liver disorders or evaluate the side effects of certain medicines affecting liver health and function; however, it does not tell the extent of liver damage. Usually, no special preparation is required for an SGPT test. You may eat and drink normally as per your daily routine.

Test result ranges are approximate and may differ slightly between labs depending on the methodology and laboratory guidelines. Talk to your doctor about your specific test results. Narrate your complete medical history to help the doctor correlate your clinical and laboratory findings. The test results will help them determine your medical condition, make recommendations for lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise, decide whether or not medication will be required to manage your liver health, and formulate your overall treatment plan.

What does SGPT (Alanine Transaminase) measure?

An SGPT (Alanine Transaminase) test measures the amount of alanine transaminase (ALT) or SGPT enzyme in your blood. ALT is most abundantly found in the liver but is also present in smaller amounts in other organs like the kidneys, heart, and muscles. Its primary function is to convert food into energy. It also speeds up chemical reactions in the body. These chemical reactions include the production of bile and substances that help your blood clot, break down food and toxins, and fight off an infection.

Elevated levels of ALT in the blood may indicate liver damage or injury. When the liver cells are damaged, they release ALT into the bloodstream, causing an increase in ALT levels. Therefore, the SGPT/ALT test is primarily used to assess the liver's health and to detect liver-related problems such as hepatitis, fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, or other liver disorders.

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FAQs related to SGPT (Alanine Transaminase)

What is the full form of SGPT?

The full form of SGPT is serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, which is a liver enzyme.

What is an SGPT test?

An SGPT or ALT test measures the amount of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase enzyme in your blood and is an indicator of your liver health.

What does an SGPT (Alanine Transaminase) test indicate?

An SGPT (Alanine Transaminase) or ALT test indicates the health of your liver by measuring the amount of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase enzyme in your blood, as abnormal levels of SGPT may be suggestive of liver damage.

Is fasting required before an SGPT test?

No, fasting is not required before an SGPT test. You can eat or drink normally before the test.

Is there any risk associated with an SGPT test?

There is usually no risk associated with this test. However, some people may feel a slight sting when a needle is pricked to collect a blood sample and may also experience some bleeding that is normal and usually not bothersome. Rarely, some people may experience slight swelling or bruising at the site of the needle prick. Applying ice 3-4 times a day for about a week may help reduce swelling and bruising. If it does not get better, consult your doctor.

When can a doctor suggest an SGPT test?

Your doctor may suggest an SGPT test if you show symptoms like loss of appetite, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, itching, and the yellowing of the skin and eyes (symptoms of jaundice). This test may also be used to monitor any ongoing liver disorders or evaluate the side effects of certain medicines affecting liver health and function.

What are the signs and symptoms associated with abnormal ALT levels?

Symptoms associated with abnormal ALT levels are yellowing of the whites of the eyes and skin, easy bruising, loss of appetite, itching, stomach pain, and fatigue.

What happens if my ALT level is high?

If your test result shows high levels of ALT enzyme, it might be a sign of liver disorders, such as liver cirrhosis, fatty liver disease, alcohol-induced liver injury, and liver cancer.

How can I reduce my SGPT/ALT levels quickly and naturally?

You must consult your doctor if your test results show abnormal SGPT/ALT levels. However, some dietary interventions and healthy lifestyle choices can help manage your ALT levels. You can eat nutrient-rich, plant-based food as it keeps your liver healthy. Avoid too much salt or sodium-rich food, and oily and processed food. Also, limit your alcohol intake and avoid smoking to improve your ALT levels naturally.

What is the difference between SGOT and SGPT?

While both SGOT and SGPT are enzymes found in the liver and are used to assess liver function, SGPT is considered a more specific marker for liver health. Elevated SGPT levels are often a stronger indicator of liver damage or liver-related diseases, whereas elevated SGOT levels can be associated with a broader range of conditions, including liver, heart, and muscle issues. To make a definitive diagnosis, doctors often consider other liver function tests and clinical information in addition to SGOT and SGPT levels.

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Last Updated

13th Oct 2025