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Immunoglobulin A

Also referred as

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) blood test

IgA serum

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The Immunoglobulin A test is a blood test that measures the level of immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies in the body. It helps evaluate immune function, particularly in the mucosal areas such as the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital systems.

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Understanding Immunoglobulin A

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the second most common type of antibody in the blood. It is mainly found in areas like the lungs, stomach, and intestines, as well as in fluids such as saliva, tears, and breast milk. IgA helps protect the body from harmful pathogens that enter through these surfaces.

The Immunoglobulin A test checks how well the body’s immune system is working, especially at mucosal levels like the lungs and digestive system. It can help diagnose and monitor conditions like infections, allergies, and autoimmune diseases. The test is also used to assess the mucosal immune system and can help diagnose disorders like selective IgA deficiency, which makes people more prone to infections, especially in the respiratory and digestive systems.

The Immunoglobulin A test is often done as part of an immunology panel to determine immune function, especially when there are signs of frequent infections or unexplained immune problems. Abnormal IgA levels can suggest conditions like IgA deficiency, long-term infections, autoimmune diseases, or inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).

No special preparation is needed for the test. However, tell the doctor about any other medications or supplements being taken, as they could affect the results and may need to be adjusted or stopped before the test. Also, share the full medical history, including any allergies or vaccinations, so the doctor can better understand the test results.

Lab test results may vary across laboratories. Interpretation of the test results requires expert interpretation. Therefore, do not self-medicate. Always consult a doctor to understand the implications of the test findings. The insights from an Immunoglobulin A test help doctors formulate the overall treatment plan.

What does Immunoglobulin A measure?

The Immunoglobulin A test measures the concentration of IgA antibodies in the blood. The immune system produces these antibodies in response to pathogens and is primarily active in the mucosal membranes of the body, where they help prevent infections. Elevated levels of IgA may indicate chronic infections, autoimmune conditions, or inflammation, while lower levels can suggest immunodeficiency or impaired antibody production. This test provides essential insight into an individual’s mucosal immune health and is important for diagnosing and managing immune-related conditions.

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FAQs related to Immunoglobulin A

What is the Immunoglobulin A test?

The Immunoglobulin A is a blood test that measures the levels of immunoglobulin A antibodies in your body. It helps diagnose immune system disorders, chronic infections, and autoimmune diseases.

Why is the Immunoglobulin A test performed?

This test is performed to assess immune function, diagnose conditions like celiac disease or autoimmune disorders, and monitor individuals with frequent infections or suspected immunodeficiencies.

Do I need to prepare for the Immunoglobulin A test?

No special preparation is required. However, inform your doctor about any medications, supplements, or recent vaccinations, as they may influence the results.

Is fasting required before the test?

No fasting is required for this test. You can schedule it at your convenience without avoiding food or water beforehand.

How often should this test be done?

The frequency of this test depends on your symptoms, medical history, and your doctor's advice.

What do high levels of IgA indicate?

Elevated IgA levels can indicate chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, or inflammatory conditions affecting the digestive or respiratory tracts.

What do low levels of IgA mean?

Low levels of IgA may suggest an immunodeficiency or issues with antibody production, which can make you more susceptible to infections.

Can I undergo this test during pregnancy?

Yes, the Immunoglobulin A test is safe during pregnancy. However, always consult your healthcare provider before undergoing any test.

Is the Immunoglobulin A test suitable for children?

Yes, the Immunoglobulin A test is suitable for children, especially if they have frequent infections or symptoms that may indicate an immune disorder.

What should I do if my IgA levels are abnormal?

If your IgA levels are abnormal, it is advised to consult your doctor. The doctor may suggest additional tests or treatments based on your health history and symptoms.

How is the Immunoglobulin A test different from other immunoglobulin tests (IgG, IgM, IgE)?

IgA antibodies are mainly found in the mucous membranes (like the lungs and digestive system). IgG helps with long-term immunity, while IgM is the first response to infections, and IgE is linked to allergic reactions.

Can the Immunoglobulin A test detect allergies?

No, the Immunoglobulin A test is not used to test for allergies (which typically involves IgE), but it can detect immune responses in the gut and help diagnose conditions like celiac disease, which can have allergy-like symptoms.

Can I get an Immunoglobulin A test if I have had a recent vaccination?

Yes, you can have this test if you have a history of recent vaccination. However, let your doctor know before the test, as vaccinations can temporarily raise antibody levels and may affect the results.

Can the Immunoglobulin A test detect gluten intolerance?

Yes, the Immunoglobulin A test, especially the tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTG-IgA), is often used to diagnose celiac disease, a serious form of gluten intolerance.

How does Tata 1mg ensure accurate lab test results?

Tata 1mg ensures accurate lab test results through certified laboratories that use advanced technology and adhere to stringent quality control measures. This commitment to high standards guarantees reliable results.

Content created by

Dr. Swati Gupta (Anand)

MBBS, MD Lab Medicine

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Last Updated

8th Oct 2025