Endomysial Antibody, IgG

Endomysial antibodies (EMA) are special proteins produced by the immune system when it reacts abnormally to gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. In people with celiac disease, gluten consumption triggers the body to make IgG endomysial antibodies (IgG-EMA) that target the endomysium, a thin layer of connective tissue around muscle fibers. This immune attack causes inflammation and damage in the small intestine, leading to poor absorption of nutrients.

People with celiac disease may experience symptoms such as diarrhea, bloating, stomach pain, weight loss, fatigue, anemia, skin rashes (dermatitis herpetiformis), or joint pain. IgG endomysial antibodies are detected in approximately 70%–80% of individuals with celiac disease or dermatitis herpetiformis, Detection rates vary based on diet, age, and disease severity. They appear in nearly all patients with severe gluten-sensitive enteropathy who are not following a gluten-free diet.

Doctors usually recommend the Endomysial Antibody, IgG test in patients who have low EMA-IgA antibody levels or in young children under 3 years of age, where IgA-based testing may not be reliable. 

The test supports monitoring treatment, as antibody levels typically decrease once gluten is removed from the diet. However, IgG antibodies may persist, and the test should not be used alone to assess mucosal healing.

No special preparation is required for the  Endomysial Antibody, IgG test. However, continue eating a diet that includes gluten for a few weeks before the test, unless the doctor advises otherwise.Avoiding gluten may cause false-negative results. Also, inform the doctor about all the medications and supplements currently being taken, as these may affect the test results.

Test result ranges are approximate and may differ slightly between labs depending on the methodology and laboratory guidelines. Do not self-medicate and always consult a doctor to understand the test results correctly. 

Please note: This is an outsourced test. The sample is collected by TATA 1MG and processed at a NABL accredited partnered lab.