Carcino Embryonic Antigen

A Carcino Embryonic Antigen test measures the levels of a specific protein called carcinogenic embryonic antigen (CEA) in the blood. This protein is associated with certain types of cancer, most notably colorectal cancer. This test is an important tool for detecting cancer, providing crucial insights into specific types of cancers, and monitoring treatment effectiveness.

Carcinogenic embryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein normally found in the tissue of a developing baby in the womb. The level of CEA in the blood disappears or becomes very low after birth. In adults, elevated levels of CEA in the blood may indicate the presence of certain cancers. 

A Carcino Embryonic Antigen test is typically recommended for individuals with a history of colorectal cancer or other cancers, especially if they are being monitored for recurrence. The test may also be ordered for individuals with symptoms suggestive of colorectal cancer, like sudden weight loss, changes in bowel habits, or abdominal pain. Doctors may also recommend a Carcino Embryonic Antigen test to monitor if cancer has metastasized to other regions of the body or to determine the progression of treatment.

While CEA is a valuable marker in cancer management, it is important to note that it is not a standalone test, other confirmatory procedures such as imaging studies or biopsies, are often necessary to validate cancer diagnosis. Carcino Embryonic Antigen test, when integrated into a comprehensive clinical approach, contributes significantly to the timely identification and treatment of cancers, ultimately impacting treatment outcomes.

Usually, no special preparation is needed before undergoing a Carcino Embryonic Antigen test. However, it is important to provide a brief clinical history/ doctor's prescription at the time of sample collection. Additionally, tell your doctor about any medications and supplements you are taking as certain medications can affect your test results 

Reference ranges are approximate and may vary based on factors such as age, gender, medical history, etc. Abnormal test results require an expert interpretation; therefore, never try to self-medicate at home based solely on these results, and always consult a doctor for a proper understanding of the test results.

Note: Values obtained with different assay methodologies should not be used interchangeably in serial testing. It is recommended that only one assay method be used consistently to monitor each patient's course of therapy.

Limitations:

• CEA testing is not used for screening cancer in those who have no symptoms. 
• It is also not used for cancer diagnosis because other noncancerous conditions like smoking, infections, inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, and some benign tumors in the same organs can cause CEA levels to increase. 
• Sample for CEA should preferably be collected before undergoing colonoscopy as it may transiently raise tumor marker levels.
• Moreover, a high CEA level may falsely occur leading to significant anxiety and unnecessary tests. It is advised to go for serial testing to look for consistently rising CEA levels. 
• This test should not be used as absolute evidence for the presence or absence of malignancy as both false positives and negatives can occur. Patients with confirmed carcinoma may frequently have pretreatment CEA levels in the normal range.
• The CEA test value should be interpreted by clinical experts, in conjunction with the patient's medical history, clinical examination, and other findings to reach a final diagnosis.