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AMA (Anti Mitochondrial Antibody) - IFA

Also referred as

Mitochondrial antibody test

For men & women

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192 hours

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The AMA (Anti Mitochondrial Antibody) - IFA is a blood test used to detect the presence of antibodies directed against mitochondria, the energy-producing structures within cells. This test helps diagnose autoimmune liver diseases, particularly primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), distinguishing it from other liver conditions such as autoimmune hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and viral hepatitis.

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Blood

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Preparations

Overnight fasting required for 8 to 12 hours

Sample Collection

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Understanding AMA (Anti Mitochondrial Antibody) - IFA

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune liver disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the bile ducts, resulting in bile buildup in the liver. This causes scarring of the liver and can even lead to liver failure. Antimicrobial antibodies (AMAs) are produced as a part of this autoimmune response and are present in up to 95% of PBC patients. The AMA (Anti Mitochondrial Antibody) - IFA test detects the presence of these AMAs, making it a highly specific marker of PBC.

This test may be recommended if symptoms of liver disease such as fatigue, itching, jaundice, and abnormal liver function tests (particularly alkaline phosphatase) are noticed. It may also be done for individuals with risk factors such as a family history of autoimmune liver diseases or other autoimmune disorders. Additionally, the AMA (Anti Mitochondrial Antibody) - IFA test can be used to monitor the progression of PBC and the response to treatment.

AMAs can also be found in a smaller percentage of individuals with other liver and autoimmune conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as in some healthy people. Hence, the AMA (Anti Mitochondrial Antibody) - IFA test results should be interpreted in conjunction with other tests and clinical findings to confirm a diagnosis.

An overnight fasting (8 to 12 hours) is preferred before the AMA (Anti Mitochondrial Antibody) - IFA test. Inform your doctor about all the medicines and supplements you take, as some of them may affect the test results and need to be adjusted or temporarily discontinued before the test.

Test result ranges may vary across laboratories. Abnormal test results require an expert interpretation; therefore, never try to self-medicate at home based solely on these results, and always consult a doctor for a proper understanding of the test results.

What does AMA (Anti Mitochondrial Antibody) - IFA measure?

The AMA (Anti Mitochondrial Antibody) - IFA test measures the amount of anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) that play a critical role in the context of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), a chronic liver disease. These autoantibodies target specific proteins in the mitochondria and are found in approximately 95% of individuals suffering from PBC, making them highly specific for the disease.

PBC most often develops during middle age and is usually seen in individuals between the ages of 35 and 60, and most individuals have no specific symptoms. The disease is often discovered incidentally due to abnormal results on routine liver blood tests. Once PBC is suspected, an AMA (Anti Mitochondrial Antibody) - IFA is used to check for antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA). Identifying AMAs early in the disease process enables doctors to initiate treatments such as ursodeoxycholic acid, which relieve symptoms, not cause any effect of disease progression. Early detection also helps prevent complications such as cirrhosis and liver failure. Additionally, it enables patients to adopt lifestyle changes and receive regular monitoring, which further contributes to better long-term health outcomes and quality of life.

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FAQs related to AMA (Anti Mitochondrial Antibody) - IFA

What is the AMA (Anti Mitochondrial Antibody) - IFA test?

The AMA (Anti Mitochondrial Antibody) - IFA test is a blood test used to detect the presence of anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) in the blood. This test helps to evaluate primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), a disorder that affects the bile ducts.

When should someone get tested for the AMA (Anti Mitochondrial Antibody) - IFA test?

The AMA (Anti Mitochondrial Antibody) - IFA test is done when an individual has symptoms such as fatigue, itching, jaundice, or abnormal liver function tests suggestive of an autoimmune liver disorder. It may also be ordered for individuals with a family history of autoimmune liver diseases or other autoimmune conditions.

How is the AMA test performed?

A phlebotomist (a trained professional to perform blood draws) will clean your skin using an antiseptic alcohol cotton swab or wipe and take blood samples from your vein using a needle. The blood sample will be stored safely and transported to the laboratory for analysis.

Is there any risk associated with the AMA test?

No, the AMA test is generally safe with minimal risks. You may feel slight discomfort during blood sample collection, but chances of serious complications are scarce.

How frequently should I get tested for the AMA test?

The frequency of this test depends on your specific health condition and your doctor's recommendations. If you have been diagnosed with PBC or another autoimmune liver disease, your doctor may advise regular monitoring to assess your condition and the effectiveness of your treatment.

What does a positive AMA result mean?

A positive AMA result indicates the presence of anti-mitochondrial antibodies in the blood, which is suggestive of an autoimmune liver disease, such as PBC. However, a positive result does not confirm the diagnosis and may require further evaluation.

What is Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC)?

Primary Biliary Cholangitis, formerly known as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, is a chronic autoimmune liver disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of the small bile ducts within the liver.

What are the symptoms of PBC?

Common symptoms of PBC include fatigue, itching (pruritus), dry eyes and mouth, abdominal pain or discomfort, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), and weight loss. However, some individuals with PBC may not experience noticeable symptoms early in the disease.

Is there a cure for PBC?

While there is no cure for PBC, treatment can help manage the condition and improve quality of life. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for optimizing treatment outcomes and preventing complications.

Can lifestyle changes help manage PBC?

Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, avoiding alcohol and tobacco, and managing stress, can help support liver health and overall well-being in individuals with PBC. It is also essential to work closely with your doctor to develop a personalized treatment plan.

Content created by

Dr. Swati Gupta (Anand)

MBBS, MD Lab Medicine

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Last Updated

14th Oct 2025