Alpha Feto Protein (AFP), Maternal

The Alpha Feto Protein (AFP), Maternal measures the level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a protein produced primarily by the fetal liver, yolk sac, and gastrointestinal tract during pregnancy. AFP enters the maternal circulation through the placenta, making its measurement in maternal blood a valuable second-trimester prenatal screening test.

This test is recommended between 15 and 20 weeks of gestation (ideally 16–18 weeks) to assess the risk of certain fetal abnormalities. Elevated AFP levels may be associated with open neural tube defects (e.g., spina bifida and anencephaly), abdominal wall defects, multiple pregnancies, or incorrect gestational dating. Reduced AFP levels may indicate an increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities, including Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) and Edwards syndrome (Trisomy 18).

The Alpha Feto Protein (AFP), Maternal is a screening test and does not confirm or exclude fetal abnormalities. Results should be interpreted in conjunction with gestational age, maternal clinical history, ultrasound findings, and other prenatal screening markers. Abnormal results may require further evaluation with targeted ultrasound and/or diagnostic testing.

Note: Accurate determination of gestational age is essential for correct interpretation of AFP results. This test is intended for use only between 15 and 20 weeks of pregnancy.