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HLA B27 (Human Leukocyte Antigen B27) - PCR

Also referred as

Human leukocyte A antigen

Histocompatibility leukocyte A antigen

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An HLA B27 (Human Leukocyte Antigen B27) - PCR test detects the presence of the HLA B27 gene in the blood. HLA B27 is a specific type of protein on the surface of white blood cells. This gene is mainly associated with autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, such as ankylosing spondylitis.

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Understanding HLA B27 (Human Leukocyte Antigen B27) - PCR

Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAs) genes play a crucial role in the immune system, and the HLA B27 variant is associated with certain autoimmune conditions, especially a group of joint-related conditions known as seronegative spondyloarthropathies. These include ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

This test uses a method called PCR (polymerase chain reaction), which is more accurate and sensitive than other methods like flow cytometry. It helps doctors detect the HLA-B27 gene, assess the risk, and monitor the condition if symptoms are already present.

The doctor may suggest an HLA B27 (Human Leukocyte Antigen B27) - PCR test if there are signs and symptoms such as chronic back pain, joint pain, stiffness, or inflammation in the eyes, urethra, and joints, or have a family history of autoimmune conditions. The HLA B27 test is also used to match donated tissue to the tissue of the organ transplant recipient.

Usually, no special preparation is needed for this test. Eat and drink as per the daily routine. Also, inform the doctor about any medications being taken, as some medications may influence the test results if taken before this test.

Test result ranges may vary slightly across laboratories. Talk to your doctor to understand what the result means. Based on the findings, they may recommend lifestyle changes or medications to manage your health.

What does HLA B27 (Human Leukocyte Antigen B27) - PCR measure?

An HLA B27 (Human Leukocyte Antigen B27) - PCR test is used to determine the presence or absence of the HLA B27 antigen to rule out the possibility of an autoimmune disorder. This gene is found on the surface of certain white blood cells and may increase the risk of developing conditions like ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis.

A positive result means the gene is present, and there may be a higher risk of these conditions. A negative result means the gene is not found. However, it is important to know that not having the HLA B27 gene does not fully rule out autoimmune disorders, as some people without the gene can still develop them.

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FAQs related to HLA B27 (Human Leukocyte Antigen B27) - PCR

Why is the HLA B27 - PCR test done?

This test is done if you have symptoms like pain, stiffness, or swelling in the spine, neck, or chest. It helps find out if you have the HLA B27 gene, which can be linked to autoimmune conditions that cause joint problems.

Is the HLA B27 test safe?

Yes, the test is safe. It only involves taking a small blood sample. Some people may feel mild pain, see a small bruise, or have slight bleeding where the needle goes in, but this usually goes away quickly. Serious side effects are very rare.

What diseases are linked with positive HLA B27 test results?

A positive result may be linked to conditions like: 1. Ankylosing spondylitis 2. Psoriatic arthritis 3. Reactive arthritis 4. Uveitis (eye inflammation) 5. Sacroiliitis (inflammation in the lower back joints) 6. Arthritis related to Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis

What is reactive arthritis?

Reactive arthritis is a painful type of arthritis that happens after an infection. It can cause joint pain and swelling, and is usually triggered by bacteria in the genitals (like Chlamydia) or intestines (like Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, or Campylobacter).

What is ankylosing spondylitis?

It is a type of arthritis that mainly affects the spine, but can also affect other joints. It causes long-term pain and stiffness. If not treated, parts of the spine may fuse and become hard to move (a condition called ankylosis). It can also affect areas like the hips, ribs, shoulders, heels, and even the eyes (causing uveitis). In rare cases, the heart or lungs may be involved.

Can a person test positive for HLA B27 without having any disease?

Yes, some people have the HLA B27 gene but never develop any related health problems.

Can HLA B27 be cured?

The gene itself cannot be removed or cured. However, if you develop an autoimmune condition related to it, the symptoms can be managed with treatment so you can live a healthy life.

How can I lower HLA B27 levels?

If your test results are abnormal, talk to your doctor. While the gene itself cannot be lowered, if you have an autoimmune condition, your doctor may recommend treatment. Healthy habits like eating well, exercising regularly, and reducing stress may also help manage symptoms.

Content created by

Dr. Swati Gupta (Anand)

MD Lab Medicine, MBBS

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Last Updated

7th Oct 2025