AIA - ME, BPB-F, CBC, COTININE, HBA1C, ECG, Chest Xray - Path near me in Vaishali

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The blood pressure test measures the force of blood against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps it throughout the body.

The results are expressed in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and presented as a ratio, with systolic pressure listed first followed by diastolic pressure.  A normal blood pressure reading is generally around 120/80 mmHg. Readings higher or lower than this can signal potential health issues. Elevated systolic or diastolic readings might indicate conditions such as hypertension, which can lead to more serious health problems like heart disease or stroke if not managed properly. Conversely, abnormally low readings might suggest issues like poor heart function or dehydration. By assessing these pressures, the test helps evaluate heart health, diagnose potential cardiovascular issues, and guide appropriate treatment or lifestyle adjustments.

An HbA1c (Glycosylated Hemoglobin) test precisely measures the percentage of sugar-coated or glycated hemoglobin in your blood. The test results represent the proportion of hemoglobin in your blood that has been glycated. 

Hemoglobin, a vital protein found in red blood cells, is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. Hemoglobin A is the most abundant form of hemoglobin, and when blood sugar levels increase, a higher proportion of hemoglobin A becomes glycated. As red blood cells have a lifespan of approximately 120 days, the sugar molecules remain attached to the hemoglobin for the duration of the cell's life. Consequently, the HbA1c test offers insight into your average blood sugar levels over the past 8 to 12 weeks.

An HIV Combo (Antigen And Antibody) Test simultaneously detects HIV p24 antigen and antibodies associated with HIV 1 & 2. The HIV p24 antigen is the most abundant HIV protein. Its detection is used clinically to diagnose an HIV infection early on since HIV-specific antibodies are not detectable in a very recently acquired infection.

HIV-1 was discovered first and is the most widespread. HIV-2 is more than 55% genetically different from HIV-1. The transmission rate of HIV-2 is also slower than HIV-1. 

The Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy) test involves gross, chemical, and microscopic evaluation of the urine sample.

1. Gross examination: It involves visually inspecting the urine sample for color and appearance. Typically, the urine color ranges from colorless or pale yellow to deep amber, depending on the urine’s concentration. Things such as medications, supplements, and some foods such as beetroot can affect the color of your urine. However, unusual urine color can also be a sign of disease.

   In appearance, the urine sample may be clear or cloudy. A clear appearance is indicative of healthy urine. However, the presence of red blood cells, white blood cells, bacteria, etc., may result in cloudy urine, indicating conditions such as dehydration, UTIs, kidney stones, etc. Some other factors, such as sperm and skin cells, may also result in a cloudy appearance but are harmless.

2. Chemical examination: It examines the chemical nature of the urine sample using special test strips called dipsticks. These test strips are dipped into the urine sample and change color when they come in contact with specific substances. The degree of color change estimates the amount of the substance present. Some common things detected include protein, urine pH, ketones, glucose, specific gravity, blood, bilirubin, nitrites, and urobilinogen.

3. Microscopic examination: This involves the analysis of the urine sample under the microscope for pus cells, red blood cells, casts, crystals, bacteria, yeast and other constituents.

This further contains

• Urobilinogen
• Ketone
• Nitrite
• Colour
• Appearance
• Specific Gravity
• Pus Cell
• Epithelial Cell
• Casts
• Crystals
• Protein Urine
• Ph for Urine
• Urine Glucose
• Yeast
• Red Blood Cells
• Leucocyte Esterase
• Blood
• Bilirubin
• Bacteria

The BMI test measures body fat using a formula based on weight and height. Specifically, it calculates the ratio of an individual's weight in kilograms to the square of their height in meters (or weight in pounds to the square of height in inches, with a conversion factor). The resulting value is categorized into ranges that indicate whether an individual is underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese.

The categories are as follows: underweight (BMI less than 18.5), normal weight (BMI between 18.5 and 24.9), overweight (BMI between 25 and 29.9), and obesity (BMI 30 or greater). Each category provides a general indication of body weight status and associated health risks. While BMI offers a convenient measure of body weight relative to height, it is best used in conjunction with other health assessments, such as body fat percentage, diet, and physical activity levels, to gain a comprehensive understanding of an individual’s health.

The Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) test detects the presence of a specific protein on the surface of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the bloodstream. This protein, HBsAg, serves as a crucial marker for identifying HBV infection. This is a screening test and the diagnosis of any reactive HBsAg result relies on additional supplemental tests like anti-HBs antibody and total anti-HBc antibodies. Confirmation can be done using nucleic acid tests like HBV DNA by PCR. The Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) test is essential for identifying individuals who require medical intervention, such as antiviral therapy, and for implementing measures to prevent the spread of Hepatitis B virus to others.