What is the most common complication of multiple myeloma?

Complications of multiple myeloma include renal impairment, hematologic complications such as anemia, frequent infections and bone complications. It is quite common to see people with multiple myeloma suffer from anemia. The growing number of cancerous cells interfere with the production of blood cells which often leads to a reduction in the RBCs therefore causing anemia.

What should I avoid if I have been diagnosed with multiple myeloma?

Just like any other cancer, multiple myeloma adversely affects the immune system. Therefore, if you have been diagnosed with multiple myeloma, you must try and avoid unhealthy, junk and raw food, smoking, and alcohol consumption.

What is the most frequent cause of death in a patient with multiple myeloma?

Frequent infections is a major complication and is unfortunately the leading cause of death in patients with multiple myeloma. The disease weakens the immune system and therefore the body’s ability to fight infections is compromised. Renal failure is also a common cause of death amongst the patients with multiple myeloma.

What are my treatment options if I have multiple myeloma?

There are different treatment options available for multiple myeloma depending on the severity of the disease. Common treatment options include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, corticosteroids & immunotherapy. In some cases, bone marrow transplant may also be advised.

Can one lead a normal life with multiple myeloma?

Yes, most people with multiple myeloma are able to live a normal life while they undergo treatment. However, it majorly may also depend on the severity and stage of the disease. Patients of multiple myeloma are required to bring in some lifestyle changes as they undergo treatment which helps them cope with the disease.

What foods help with multiple myeloma?

In multiple myeloma, one must include foods rich in antioxidants, fiber and nutrients like apples, pear, dried fruits such as figs and prunes, whole grains, oatmeal and cereals, nuts and beans in their daily diet.

Multiple myeloma

Written By Dr. Syeda AafiaMBA, BDS

Reviewed By Dr. Rajeev Sharma

MBA, MBBS

Last updated on: 24 Feb 2026 | 01:23 PM (IST)

Overview

Multiple myeloma is a rare type of blood cancer that affects the plasma cells. Plasma cells are a type of white blood cells (WBCs) responsible for producing antibodies and fighting infections. Plasma cells are found in the bone marrow, the hollow area within the bones. When the plasma cells grow out of control and become cancerous, it leads to multiple myeloma. The word “multiple” is often used because the cancer cells usually affect multiple areas of the bone marrow.

Although the exact cause of multiple myeloma is not yet known, researchers suggest that genetic abnormalities or environmental exposures may play a role.

The symptoms of multiple myeloma and its severity vary from person to person and stage of cancer. Some of the common symptoms include weight loss, bone pain, nausea, frequent infections, fatigue, confusion and loss of appetite.

The treatment of multiple myeloma is aimed at decreasing the severity of symptoms and slowing down its progress. Treatment involves medications, stem cell transplants, bisphosphonate therapy, platelet transfusions, and/or plasmapheresis.

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Overview

Key Facts

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Causes

Risk factors

Diagnosis

Prevention

Specialist to visit

Treatment

Home-care

Complications

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Living with

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