CT Guided Biopsy

A CT scan is used to guide the needle into the lesion in the safest possible manner. A CT-guided biopsy procedure is an alternative to an open surgical biopsy. CT guidance generally results in fewer complications, a faster recovery time, and avoidance of general anesthesia.

During the procedure, a needle is usually used to remove the sample, which is then checked under a microscope for signs of disease. The CT Guided Biopsy may be done when the abnormal area is deep inside the body or when the doctor cannot feel a lump or mass. It helps doctors determine whether an abnormality is benign or malignant without the need for open surgery.

Doctors use CT Guided Biopsy to check problems in the lungs, liver, kidneys, bones, pancreas, or lymph nodes. It determines whether a mass is cancerous or due to infection or inflammation. It can also check unexplained lumps or swelling.

You may be asked not to eat or drink anything for about 4–6 hours before the CT-guided biopsy procedure, depending on the organ being biopsied. Inform your doctor about any medicines you take, especially blood thinners. Females must inform the doctor if they are pregnant. Wear loose, comfortable clothing and remove any jewelry or metallic items before the scan. One attendant is mandatory for this test unless advised otherwise by the facility. Informed consent is required before the procedure.

Interpretation of biopsy results requires expert advice. Self-medication based on biopsy reports is discouraged. Always discuss findings and next steps with your healthcare provider.

Disclaimer: You must visit your nearest Tata 1mg-partnered lab for radiology tests.

How to Prepare for the CT Guided Biopsy?

• Follow any fasting instructions your doctor gives.
• Inform your doctor if you are allergic, taking blood thinners, or have a bleeding disorder.
• Remove jewelry or metal items.
• Bring previous scans if you have them.

How is the CT Guided Biopsy Performed?

• You lie on a special table that moves through the CT scanner.
• A radiologist uses CT images to locate the abnormal area.
• The skin is cleaned, and local anesthesia is given.
• A thin needle is inserted into the target area under CT guidance.
• The doctor takes tissue samples, then removes the needle.
• The site is bandaged, and you are monitored for a little while before going home.
• The procedure is generally well-tolerated with minimal discomfort.

How Does CT Guidance Work?

The CT Guided Biopsy uses real-time CT imaging to locate the target tissue precisely. First, initial CT scans identify the exact position and depth. The doctor then inserts a biopsy needle and takes repeated CT images to adjust its path and ensure accurate placement. Once the needle reaches the lesion, a small tissue sample is collected using suction or a cutting mechanism. The sample is then sent for laboratory analysis.

Who Should Avoid or Take Precautions Before the CT Guided Biopsy?

• Pregnant women should undergo X-rays only when necessary due to radiation exposure.
• Individuals with bleeding disorders or on anticoagulants should be managed appropriately.
• Patients who are allergic to contrast agents should not undergo the procedure if contrast is used.

What to Expect During the CT Guided Biopsy?

• You may hear clicking sounds as the needle is positioned.
• Mild pressure or brief discomfort can occur, but usually no pain.

What to Expect After the CT Guided Biopsy?

• The biopsy site may feel sore or tender for a few days.
• Minor bruising or swelling is common.
• Contact your doctor if you experience excessive bleeding, severe pain, or fever.

Is the CT Guided Biopsy Safe?

Yes, the CT Guided Biopsy is usually safe and causes little discomfort. It uses a CT scan to guide a thin needle to take a tissue sample. While it is safe, there are some risks such as bleeding, infection, a collapsed lung (pneumothorax), and, rarely, air bubbles in the blood or spread of tumor cells. Your doctor will explain the specific risks based on where the biopsy is done and your health status.

Is it Safe to have the CT Guided Biopsy if you are Pregnant?

CT Guided Biopsy involves exposure to low-dose radiation. If you are pregnant or suspect pregnancy, inform your healthcare provider immediately. Your doctor will assess the risks and benefits, and may suggest alternative diagnostic options to avoid exposing the fetus to radiation when possible.

What are the Risks of the CT Guided Biopsy?

• Bleeding or hematoma at the biopsy site
• Infection
• Rare risk of damage to nearby organs
• Allergic reactions to anesthetics or contrast media

What are the Limitations of the CT Guided Biopsy?

• Radiation Exposure: The procedure uses X-rays, which produce some radiation; this is usually low but should be considered, especially if repeated tests are needed.
• Needle Accuracy: CT can guide needle placement with high accuracy, but very small lesions (<13 mm) can be more difficult to target precisely.
• Hard-to-Reach Areas: Some areas in the body are difficult to safely reach with a needle due to nearby organs or blood vessels.
• Small Tissue Samples: The biopsy may yield only a small sample, which may not be enough for a complete diagnosis in some cases.
• Possible Complications: Though rare, risks include bleeding, infection, lung collapse (in lung biopsies), and pain.
• Not Always the First Choice: Sometimes, other methods such as ultrasound or fluoroscopy may be safer or more suitable, depending on the location.
• In Real-time Needle View, CT imaging may not show the needle moving continuously unless special CT fluoroscopy is used.
• Patient Cooperation Needed: Patients need to stay still and follow breathing instructions; if not, the test may be less accurate or riskier.
• Limited Access and Resources: The test requires specialized equipment and trained staff; scheduling and costs may limit availability.

How are the Results Used?

• Confirm diagnosis of malignancy or benign conditions
• Guide treatment planning, such as surgery, chemotherapy, or antibiotics
• Monitor response to therapy during disease management