Absolute Lymphocyte Count
Understanding Absolute Lymphocyte Count
What is Absolute Lymphocyte Count?
An Absolute Lymphocyte Count test measures the number of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, in the blood. This test is a key indicator of infections, autoimmune disorders, immunodeficiency syndromes, stress, etc. It is often done as part of a complete blood count test that also measures other types of blood cells.
Lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow and help the immune system fight against infections and certain diseases. These cells are an important part of the immune system response, and changes in their numbers tell valuable information about an individual's immune system health.
AN ALC test helps detect and monitor infections, such as tuberculosis, hepatitis, etc. It can be used to evaluate other immune system disorders, such as autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency disorders, and lymphoproliferative disorders. Additionally, this test monitors the effectiveness of cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and detects their potential side effects.
A low ALC, also known as lymphocytopenia, indicates a decreased number of lymphocytes in the blood that is suggestive of several conditions, such as viral infections, bacterial infections, autoimmune disorders, bone marrow disorders, etc. Generally, lymphocytopenia increases the risk of infections and affects the body’s ability to fight them off. On the other hand, a high ALC, also known as lymphocytosis, indicates an increased number of lymphocytes in the blood that is suggestive of conditions like certain viral and bacterial infections, leukemia, lymphoma, autoimmune disorders, chronic inflammatory disorders, etc. The specific symptoms and complications of low and high ALCs usually depend on the underlying causes. No special preparation is required for an ALC test; eat or drink as per your daily routine.
Test result ranges are approximate and may differ slightly between different labs depending on the methodology and laboratory guidelines. Talk to your doctor about your specific test results. The results will help them determine your medical condition and formulate your overall treatment plan.
What is Absolute Lymphocyte Count used for?
An ALC test can be done:
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As part of a complete blood count test to monitor your overall health.
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To detect and monitor infections such as tuberculosis, cancers like leukemia, lymphoma, etc.
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To assess immune system disorders, such as autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency disorders, etc.
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To monitor the effectiveness and detect potential side effects of cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, as these treatments can affect the number of lymphocytes.
What does Absolute Lymphocyte Count measure?
An Absolute Lymphocyte Count test measures the total number of lymphocytes in the blood. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cells that play an important role in your immune system and help your body fight disease and infection. There are two main types of lymphocytes:
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T lymphocytes (T cells): T cells control your body’s immune system response and directly attack and kill infected cells and tumor cells.
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B lymphocytes (B cells): B cells make antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that target viruses, bacteria, and other foreign pathogens.
Lymphocytes help your immune system remember every antigen (a foreign substance) it comes in contact with. After an encounter, some lymphocytes turn into memory cells. When these memory cells run into an antigen again, they recognize it and quickly respond. It is also the reason why getting vaccinated helps prevent certain diseases.
Answers to Patient Concerns & Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Absolute Lymphocyte Count
Frequently Asked Questions about Absolute Lymphocyte Count
Q. Why is an ALC test important?
Q. How is an ALC test done?
Q. Is there any risk associated with an ALC test?
Q. What does a high lymphocyte count mean?
Q. What does a low lymphocyte count mean?
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