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Syphilis Antibodies (Treponema)

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The Syphilis Antibodies (Treponema) test is a blood test that detects antibodies produced in response to the Treponema pallidum bacteria, which cause syphilis. This test helps confirm a syphilis infection after an initial syphilis screening and checks if the treatment is working.

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Understanding Syphilis Antibodies (Treponema)

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that usually starts as a painless sore, called a chancre. It usually spreads through contact with syphilis sores (It mainly spreads through direct contact with syphilis sores during sexual activity, but can also be passed through infected blood or from mother to baby during pregnancy or childbirth. If left untreated, the bacteria can remain dormant in the body for years and later cause serious damage to organs like the heart and brain. Early detection of syphilis allows for effective antibiotic treatment and prevents disease transmission.

The test is recommended when the individual has symptoms suggestive of syphilis, such as as small and painless sores near the site of infection, skin rash, fever, swollen lymph glands, hair loss, headaches, muscle ache. It’s also recommended if a sexual partner has recently been diagnosed with syphilis. The test can also be used for routine checks in high-risk groups, such as people with multiple sexual partners, those with HIV, or pregnant women.

The Syphilis Antibodies (Treponema) test looks for antibodies against the Treponema pallidum bacteria in the blood. A positive test result indicates the presence of syphilis antibodies against the bacterium. This may suggest either a current or past syphilis infection. A negative result suggests no detectable antibodies. This may indicate no syphilis infection is present in the body. Although false-negative results can occur, especially in the early stages of infection.

Fasting is not required for this test. Testing can be scheduled at a convenient time. However, it's important to inform the doctor about any medications or supplements being taken, as some may affect the test results and may need to be adjusted or temporarily discontinued before the test.

Lab test results may vary across different laboratories. Abnormal test results require an expert interpretation. Therefore, never try to self-medicate at home based solely on these results. And always consult a doctor for a proper understanding of the test results.

Please note: This is an outsourced test. The sample is collected by TATA 1MG and processed at a NABL accredited partnered lab.

What does Syphilis Antibodies (Treponema) measure?

The Syphilis Antibodies (Treponema) test is a blood test that looks for antibodies produced by the immune system in response to the Treponema pallidum bacteria, which cause syphilis. The presence of these antibodies indicates either a current or past syphilis infection.

When the body is infected with Treponema pallidum, the immune system creates special antibodies to fight the bacteria. These are called treponemal antibodies. Unlike other syphilis tests that look for antibodies caused by damage from the infection, this test directly finds the immune system’s response to the bacteria itself.

This test is important for detecting syphilis early, which helps prevent serious health problems, such as damage to the nervous system or organs, and stops the infection from spreading to others, including unborn babies.

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FAQs related to Syphilis Antibodies (Treponema)

What is the Syphilis Antibodies (Treponema) test?

The Syphilis Antibodies (Treponema) test checks for antibodies produced by the immune system in response to Treponema pallidum. It can help find out if you have a syphilis infection now or had one in the past.

Why is this test done?

This test is performed to confirm a syphilis infection in individuals who show symptoms. These may include small and painless sores near the site of infection, skin rash, fever, swollen lymph glands, hair loss, headaches, muscle aches, etc. It is also used to check people at higher risk, like those with multiple sexual partners or other STDs. Additionally, it is done in pregnant women to protect the baby from infection.

How is this test different from other syphilis tests?

Non-treponemal tests, like the RPR or VDRL tests, which detect antibodies produced due to damage caused by the infection. While the Syphilis Antibodies (Treponema) test directly detects antibodies against the Treponema pallidum bacteria. This makes it more specific and accurate.

What do the results mean?

A positive test result means antibodies against Treponema pallidum are found. It suggests either a current or past syphilis infection. On the other hand, a negative test result means no syphilis infection. But if the test is done too soon after infection, your body might not have made antibodies yet, which can cause a false negative.

Is any preparation required for this test?

No special preparation is needed for the Syphilis Antibodies (Treponema) test. You can take the test at any time, but it’s always a good idea to inform your doctor of your symptoms or potential risk factors.

How is the test performed?

A phlebotomist (a trained person who takes blood) will clean your skin with an alcohol swab and use a needle to take blood from your vein. The sample will then be safely stored and sent to the lab for testing.

Can this test tell if I’m currently infected with syphilis?

A positive result means you’ve been exposed to the syphilis bacteria, but it doesn’t show if the infection is new or still active. Additional tests may be required to determine the stage of the infection.

Can syphilis be passed to my baby during pregnancy?

Yes, syphilis can be passed from an infected mother to her baby during pregnancy or childbirth. It’s important for pregnant women to get screened to prevent syphilis transmission. It can cause serious complications for the baby, such as birth defects, premature birth, or even stillbirth.

How can I prevent syphilis?

To prevent syphilis, use protection (like condoms) during sexual intercourse. Limiting the number of sexual partners, and getting regular tests for STIs can also help reduce the risk.

Can I get vaccinated against syphilis?

Currently, there is no vaccine available for syphilis. The best protection is to practice safe sex and regular testing if you are in a high-risk group.

How does Tata 1mg ensure accurate lab test results?

Tata 1mg ensures accurate lab test results through certified laboratories. Our labs use advanced technology and adhere to stringent quality control measures. This commitment to high standards guarantees reliable results.

Content created by

Dr. Swati Gupta (Anand)

MD Lab Medicine, MBBS

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Last Updated

8th Oct 2025