AFB DNA Detection by RT-PCR, Sputum

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a contagious disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs, but can also impact other parts of the body. It spreads through the air when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or speaks, releasing droplets that can be inhaled by others. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for timely treatment and limiting TB transmission. 

The AFB DNA Detection by RT-PCR, Sputum test uses real-time PCR technology to find out the DNA of TB bacteria in a sputum sample. It is especially useful for individuals with persistent cough (>2 weeks), unexplained weight loss, fever, or other TB symptoms. It is also useful for those with close contacts of an individual diagnosed with TB, individuals with weak immune systems (e.g., HIV/AIDS, diabetes, cancer patients, or those on immunosuppressive drugs), and healthcare workers or individuals living or working in high-risk settings (hospitals, prisons, homeless shelters, etc.).

It is noteworthy that the AFB DNA Detection by RT-PCR, Sputum test may not detect TB if the bacterial load is very low or if the sample is inadequate.

Collect sputum in a sterile, leak-proof container with a screw-cap lid. Before collecting the sample, rinse your mouth with clean water. Take two to three deep breaths, then cough deeply to bring up sputum from the lungs. Ensure you collect at least 2 ml of thick, yellowish (muco purulent) sputum. Avoid collecting only saliva or nasal secretions. As per National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) guidelines, testing requires two sputum samples. This may include a spot and early morning sample collected on consecutive days, or two spot samples collected one hour apart, for accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB).

Laboratory test results may vary across laboratories. Do not self-medicate and always consult a doctor to understand the test results correctly. In some cases, repeat testing or additional confirmatory tests may be warranted.

Please note: This is an outsourced test. The sample for this test is collected by TATA 1MG and processed at a NABL accredited partnered lab.