Periodontitis, commonly known as gum disease, is a serious infection of the gums that damages the soft tissue and, if untreated, can destroy the bone supporting the teeth. It usually develops when plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, builds up on teeth and hardens into tartar, leading to inflammation.
Common symptoms include swollen, red, or tender gums, bleeding while brushing or flossing, persistent bad breath, gum recession, loose teeth, and painful chewing. Poor oral hygiene is the main cause, but factors such as smoking, diabetes, hormonal changes, stress, certain medications, and genetic susceptibility can also increase the risk.
If left untreated, it may result in tooth loss and affect overall health, including heart and metabolic diseases. Treatment involves professional dental cleaning, scaling and root planing, improved oral hygiene, lifestyle changes, and in severe cases, surgical procedures. Early diagnosis and regular dental check-ups play a key role in prevention and control.
