Dental cavities are one of the most widespread oral health problems affecting people of all ages. They develop when mouth bacteria break down sugars and starches from food and drinks, releasing acids that slowly wear away the enamel, the protective outer layer of your teeth. Over time, this damage can lead to holes (cavities), pain, infection, or even tooth loss if not treated.
Symptoms can include tooth sensitivity, visible holes or pits, toothache, or pain while eating or drinking something sweet, hot, or cold. Sometimes, early decay may not cause any symptoms at all.
Poor oral hygiene, frequent snacking on sugary or acidic foods and drinks, dry mouth, and not getting regular dental checkups increase the risk of dental cavities. Children and older adults are especially vulnerable.
The good news is that dental cavities are largely preventable. Brushing twice daily with fluoride toothpaste, flossing, reducing sugar intake, and seeing a dentist regularly can keep cavities at bay. Management depends on the severity of the decay; it may involve fillings, or, in advanced cases, root canal treatment.
