Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare, inherited condition that affects the lungs, digestive system, and several other organs. CF happens due to a mutation in the gene called the CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) gene. This gene makes body fluids like mucus and digestive juices unusually thick and sticky.
Changes in this gene lead to blocked airways, repeated lung infections, difficulty absorbing nutrients, chronic cough, and poor weight gain. Over time, it can affect breathing and overall growth.
It is generally diagnosed in infancy. With early diagnosis and modern treatment, people with CF are living longer, often into their 30s, 40s, or beyond — depending on how early it’s detected and managed.
Treatment focuses on easing symptoms and slowing disease progression through airway-clearing therapies, enzymes for digestion, inhaled medicines, and regular medical follow-ups.
