Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-term lung condition that causes breathing difficulties due to airflow blockage and inflammation. COPD is the second leading cause of mortality in India, contributing to over one million lives lost each year.

COPD often develops gradually, with symptoms like persistent cough, breathlessness, wheezing, and excess mucus. These symptoms are commonly triggered by factors like long-term smoking, air pollution, occupational exposure to dust or chemicals, and a history of respiratory infections or asthma.

The management of COPD focuses on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life through bronchodilators, inhaled steroids, and pulmonary rehabilitation. Quitting smoking and avoiding lung irritants are essential. In severe cases, oxygen therapy or surgery may be recommended.