Anal cancer is a rare type of cancer that develops in the tissues of the anus, the opening at the end of the digestive tract where you pass stool. It typically occurs when healthy cells in the anal lining change, often associated with infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV).
Although anal cancer is uncommon, it makes up less than 2% of all gastrointestinal cancers; its rates are rising worldwide. Bleeding from the anus or rectum, pain or a lump near the anus, itching, or changes in bowel habits are some of the common symptoms linked to anal cancer.
Factors like HPV infection, multiple sexual partners, receptive anal intercourse, smoking, age (most cases occur in people over 50), and weakened immunity, such as in HIV infections, can increase anal cancer risk.
Treatment usually involves a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, with surgery in case of advanced or persistent cases.
