Head injury

Introduction

Often, the injury is minor because your skull is hard and it protects your brain. Other head injuries can be more severe, such as a skull fracture, concussion, or traumatic brain injury.

Head injuries can be open or closed. A closed injury does not break through the skull. With an open, or penetrating, injury, an object pierces the skull and enters the brain. Closed injuries are not always less severe than open injuries.

Causes and Risk Factors

Some common causes of head injuries are:

1. Falls

2. Motor vehicle accidents

3. Violence

4. Sports injuries

Signs and Symptoms

It is important to know the warning signs of a moderate or severe head injury. Get help immediately if the injured person has:

1. A headache that gets worse or does not go away

2. Repeated vomiting or nausea

3. Convulsions or seizures

4. An inability to wake up

5. Dilated (enlarged) pupil in one or both eyes

6. Slurred speech

7. Weakness or numbness in the arms or legs

8. Loss of coordination

9. Increased confusion, restlessness, or agitation

Investigations

Doctors use a neurologic exam and imaging tests to make a diagnosis.

NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

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