Last updated on:

01 Nov 2021 | 04:56 PM (IST)

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Prevention of Cholera

Description

It is an infection of the intestine that is caused by bacteria known as Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae). It usually spreads through contaminated water. It causes severe diarrhea and dehydration and if untreated leads to death.

Causes and Risk Factors

1. V. cholerae causes cholera infection. The effects of the disease are a result of a potent toxin called cholera toxin (CTX) that bacteria produce in the small intestine.

2. Cholera can spread through surface water, seafood, raw food, and grains also.

Signs and Symptoms

Common symptoms of the infection are:

1. Diarrhea

2. Nausea and vomiting

3. Dehydration

4. Irritability

5. Lethargy

6. Sunken eyes

7. Dry mouth and extreme thirst

8. Low urine output

9. Low blood pressure with an irregular heartbeat

Complications and When Should You See a Doctor

1. It can be fatal, causing large amount of fluid loss and electrolyte loss within few hours. In some situations where the individuals do not receive treatment die of dehydration and shock 18 hours after the cholera symptoms occur.

2. Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can cause seizures, unconsciousness, and even death.

3. Low potassium levels (hypokalemia) may interfere with the heart and nerve function and is life-threatening.

4. Kidney failure will impair the kidney function. The kidneys lose their filtering ability.

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

1. Wash hands with soap and water frequently

2. Do not eat unhealthy and raw food

3. Drink only safe water, including bottled water

4. Stick to fruits and vegetables that can be peeled by you

Treatment

Treatment includes:

1. Rehydration

2. Intravenous fluids

3. Antibiotics

4. Zinc supplements

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Disclaimer

Tata 1mg's sole intention is to ensure that its consumers get information that is expert-reviewed, accurate and trustworthy. However, the information contained herein should NOT be used as a substitute for the advice of a qualified physician. The information provided here is for informational purposes only. This may not cover all possible side effects, drug interactions or warnings or alerts. Please consult your doctor and discuss all your queries related to any disease or medicine. We intend to support, not replace, the doctor-patient relationship.