Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a condition that affects the blood vessels outside your heart and brain, usually in the legs. It happens when these vessels become narrowed or blocked, often due to plaque buildup (a mix of fat, cholesterol, and other substances). This restricts blood flow, making it harder for oxygen-rich blood to reach your limbs.
People with PVD may feel pain, cramping, or heaviness in the legs, especially during walking or exercise. Other signs include numbness, cold feet, or slow-healing wounds on the legs or feet. Smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, and age over 50 may increase your risk of PVD.
Quitting smoking, eating healthy, staying active, and controlling blood sugar and cholesterol are key to managing PVD. Medications can improve blood flow and reduce symptoms. In severe cases, procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery may be needed.
