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Kongsberg Medical Check up Children (Age 5 Years to 18 Years)

Kongsberg Medical Check up Children (Age 5 Years to 18 Years) near me in Varanasi

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26 tests

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The Kongsberg Medical Check up Children (Age 5 Years to 18 Years) is tailored to detect potential health issues early on and is tailored to monitor the overall health of children aged 5 to 18 years. The package comprises tests including complete blood count, lipid profile, random blood sugar test, thyroid stimulating hormone (ultrasensitive), uric acid, calcium test, and vitamin B12 test. Getting tested with this package helps assess the health of children and aids in making lifestyle modifications for the overall well-being of your child.

Disclaimer:

No partial refunds or cancellations will be entertained once the blood sample has been collected by the phlebotomist.
This package is only for employees of Kongsberg or their registered dependents. Tata 1mg is not liable to fulfil this order for non-employees of Kongsberg.
For the radiology component: Stress Test (TMT)/2D Echo- Either one of the tests will be done at the Tata 1mg partner lab as per availability.

Samples required

Blood

Preparations

No special preparation is required.

Sample Collection

Who will collect your samples?

What does Kongsberg Medical Check up Children (Age 5 Years to 18 Years) measure?

Contains 26 tests

Serum Calcium

The Serum Calcium test measures the calcium level in your blood. Most of your body’s calcium (about 99%) is stored in bones and teeth to keep them strong. The rest (1%) circulates in the blood and helps your muscles move, nerves work, blood to clot, and heart to keep a steady rhythm.

Calcium in blood comes in two forms:

Bound calcium, attached to proteins like albumin
Ionized (free) calcium, which is active and helps many body functions

This test measures total calcium (both bound and ionized). This test cannot show if you have enough calcium in your diet. It also cannot detect bone diseases like osteoporosis. The body keeps blood calcium levels steady. It does this by taking calcium from bones during mild shortages.

What Do the Results Mean?

Pathological Factors

Test Parameter	Interpretation (possible causes)
Low Levels	Underactive or damaged parathyroid glands (hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism) Chronic kidney disease with toxin buildup Poor absorption of calcium or vitamin D Liver problems like obstructive jaundice Bone diseases such as osteomalacia and rickets Some medicines, including cancer drugs, calcitonin, and certain diuretics Low magnesium or protein levels in blood
High Levels	Overactive parathyroid glands (primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism) Acute or chronic kidney failure, including after kidney transplant Bone loss due to malabsorption or osteoporosis Certain cancers, especially breast, lung, and kidney tumors Medicines like vitamin D or A overdose, diuretics, hormone therapy (estrogen, androgen), tamoxifen, or lithium

Key: ⇧: Indicates High Levels , ⇩: Indicates Low Levels

Physiological Factors

🧒 Age: Older adults may have lower calcium levels due to reduced bone density and hormonal changes.

🚺 Gender: Women, especially after menopause, are more prone to calcium loss due to lower estrogen levels.

🫄 Pregnancy and Lactation: Higher calcium demand during these phases may lower calcium levels if intake is inadequate.

💊 Hormonal Influence: Parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and calcitonin regulate calcium balance; any imbalance can alter calcium levels.

Lifestyle Factors

🥗 Diet: Inadequate intake of calcium-rich foods can lower calcium levels.

🍷 Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol interferes with calcium absorption.

🚬 Smoking: Smoking may affect bone metabolism and calcium utilization.

☀️ Sun Exposure: Insufficient sunlight can reduce vitamin D levels, affecting calcium absorption.

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized guidance.

What Do Normal Calcium Levels Mean?

Normal results indicate that your calcium metabolism is functioning properly, supporting bone health, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction.

What Do High Levels of Calcium Indicate?

High calcium levels (hypercalcemia) may indicate:

Overactivity of the parathyroid glands
Excessive vitamin D intake
Underlying health issues, such as certain cancers or bone disorders.

Your doctor may recommend further tests to identify the underlying cause.

What to Do if Your Calcium Is Higher Than Normal?

If your calcium levels are higher than normal, do not self-medicate or stop supplements abruptly. Your doctor will check your health, medications, and history before deciding what to do next. In most cases, adjusting supplements or treating the root cause resolves the issue.

What Do Low Levels of Calcium Indicate?

Low calcium levels (hypocalcemia) may indicate:

Nutritional deficiencies,
Kidney or parathyroid dysfunction
Poor vitamin D absorption

Treatment involves calcium or vitamin D supplementation and dietary adjustments under medical supervision.

Can Calcium Results Be Inaccurate?

Yes. The Serum Calcium test results can sometimes be inaccurate. Factors that may affect the results include recent intake of calcium or vitamin D supplements, dehydration, pregnancy, hormonal therapy, and certain medications like diuretics or anticonvulsants. Minor variations in how the lab handles the sample may also impact accuracy. It is important to share your medical history and current medicines with your doctor to get a clear understanding of your calcium levels.

What Factors Can Affect Serum Calcium Results?

Though it is a reliable test, some circumstances can influence accuracy:

Intake of calcium/vitamin D supplements
Kidney or parathyroid diseases
Medications like lithium or diuretics
Prolonged immobilization
Hormonal imbalances
Sample contamination with EDTA causes falsely low calcium
Use plain or serum separator tubes; avoid EDTA/oxalate/citrate tubes
Prolonged tourniquet application (>1 min) affects results
Fasting sample preferred but not mandatory (8–12 hours)
Transport the sample at room temperature; analyze ionized calcium quickly
Low albumin affects total calcium; corrected or ionized calcium is preferred in specific cases (ICU, CKD, pregnancy)

What Follow-Up Tests May Be Required?

Based on your Calcium test results, your doctor may recommend additional tests to determine the cause of abnormal calcium levels and evaluate bone, kidney, or parathyroid health. These tests may include:

Table: Tests Commonly Ordered Alongside Serum Calcium Test

Test Name	Primary Purpose
Ionized Calcium Test	Measures the active (free) form of calcium
Urine Calcium Test	Evaluates calcium loss through urine
Vitamin D Test	Checks for vitamin D deficiency
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Test	Checks parathyroid gland function
Electrolyte Panel	Assesses minerals affecting calcium
Kidney Function Test (KFT) with Electrolytes	Assesses kidney function and electrolyte balance

Know more about Serum Calcium

Vitamin B12

The Vitamin B12 measures the amount of vitamin B12 in your blood. Vitamin B12 is important for a healthy nervous system, making red blood cells, and creating DNA in your cells. Low B12 levels are common in older adults, children, vegans or vegetarians, people with diabetes, those who had gastric bypass surgery, breastfeeding women, and people with conditions like Crohn’s disease that affect vitamin absorption. High B12 levels can occur in liver diseases, certain blood disorders, or from taking vitamin supplements. Usually, high levels from supplements are not harmful, as extra B12 is removed through urine.

What Do the Results Mean?

Pathological Factors

Test Parameter	Interpretation (possible causes)
Low levels	Anaemia Term pregnancy Intrinsic factor deficiency Partial gastrectomy/ileal damage Celiac disease Parasitic infestation Pancreatic deficiency Treated epilepsy Hemodialysis
High levels	Renal failure Hepatocellular disorders Myeloproliferative disorders and at times with excess Supplementation of vitamin pills.

Physiological Factors

🧒 Age: Older adults may absorb less vitamin B12 due to lower stomach acid.

🫄 Pregnancy: Higher nutritional needs during pregnancy can temporarily lower B12 levels.

💊 Hormones: Hormone therapy or birth control pills can slightly affect B12 absorption.

Lifestyle Factors

🥗 Diet: Vegetarian or vegan diets without animal products may lead to low B12 intake.

🍷 Alcohol: Excessive alcohol can reduce B12 absorption and storage in the liver.

🚬 Smoking: Smoking cigarettes may reduce vitamin B12 activity.

What Do Normal Vitamin B12 Levels Mean?

Normal B12 levels show that your body has enough vitamin B12 for healthy red blood cells, nerve function, and metabolism. This helps maintain energy, mood, and brain health.

What Do High Vitamin B12 Levels Mean?

High B12 levels are uncommon. They can happen due to too many supplements or health conditions like liver or kidney problems, or certain blood disorders. Your doctor may order extra tests to find the cause.

What to Do If Your Vitamin B12 Is High?

Do not stop supplements suddenly. Your doctor will review your medical history, medications, and may suggest tests to check liver, kidney, or blood health. Often, adjusting supplements is enough to bring levels back to normal.

What Do Low Levels of Vitamin B12 Indicate?

Low vitamin B12 levels suggest a deficiency, which can lead to anemia, fatigue, and nerve damage if left untreated. Common causes include:

Poor dietary intake (especially in vegetarians or vegans)
Malabsorption due to gastric or intestinal issues
Pernicious anemia
Certain medications (e.g., metformin, proton pump inhibitors)
Treatment usually involves vitamin B12 supplements or injections based on deficiency severity.

Can Vitamin B12 Results Be Inaccurate?

Yes. While the test is reliable, results may sometimes be inaccurate due to recent vitamin B12 injections or supplements, pregnancy or hormonal therapy, liver or kidney diseases affecting vitamin metabolism, or laboratory variations in sample handling.

What Factors Can Affect Vitamin B12 Results?

Though it is a reliable test, several factors can influence accuracy:

Recent intake of vitamin B12 supplements or injections
Liver or kidney disorders
Alcohol consumption or chronic illness
Use of medications like metformin or oral contraceptives
Pregnancy or hormonal therapy

What Follow-Up Tests May Be Required?

Based on your Vitamin B12 results, your doctor may recommend additional tests to get a clearer picture of your health or to monitor possible complications. These may include:

Table: Tests Commonly Ordered Alongside Vitamin B12

Test Name	Primary Purpose
Folate (Vitamin B9) Test	Check folate levels, since low folate can also cause anemia similar to B12 deficiency.
Homocysteine Test	Measure homocysteine in the blood, which can rise when B12 is low.
Methylmalonic Acid (MMA) Test	Detect early B12 deficiency by measuring MMA, which increases when B12 is low.
Complete Blood Count (CBC) Test	Provide details about red blood cells and hemoglobin to indicate type of anemia.
Intrinsic Factor Antibody Test	Detects autoimmune causes of B12 deficiency.
Gastrointestinal Absorption Tests	Checks if the stomach or intestines are absorbing B12 properly, e.g., after gastric surgery or in conditions like Crohn’s disease.

How Does the Vitamin B12 Test Differ from Other Blood Tests?

It is important to understand how the Vitamin B12 test differs from other common blood tests:

Complete Blood Count (CBC): Checks overall blood health and red blood cells. CBC can suggest anemia but doesn’t show the cause. Vitamin B12 specifically measures the nutrient needed to produce healthy red blood cells.

Folate (Vitamin B9) Test: Folate levels also affect red blood cell production. Unlike B12, folate deficiency alone does not directly indicate nerve or brain-related issues.

Iron Studies: Tests like serum iron or ferritin detect iron-related anemia. Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia occurs even if iron levels are normal.

Homocysteine & Methylmalonic Acid (MMA): These are functional tests that rise when B12 is low. The Vitamin B12 test directly measures the B12 level, making it the first step to detect deficiency.

Know more about Vitamin B12

CBC (Complete Blood Count)

The CBC (Complete Blood Count) test measures the number of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. Each of these blood cells performs essential functions–RBCs carry oxygen from your lungs to the various body parts, WBCs help fight infections and other diseases, and platelets help your blood to clot. Therefore, determining their levels can provide significant health information. A CBC test also determines the hemoglobin level, a protein in RBC that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of your body. Evaluating all these components together can provide important information about your overall health.

Know more about CBC (Complete Blood Count)

Absolute Neutrophil Count

An Absolute Neutrophil Count test measures the percentage of neutrophils per microliter of blood. Neutrophils are a type of WBC and play an integral part in the body's immune system. They help fight off bacterial infections in the body by identifying and destroying foreign invaders, such as disease-causing microorganisms.

Differential Leukocyte Count

There are five types of WBCs: neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. A Differential Leukocyte Count test measures the percentage of each type of WBC in the blood. Leukocytes or WBCs are produced in the bone marrow and defend the body against infections and diseases. Each type of WBC plays a unique role to protect against infections and is present in different numbers.

This further contains

Differential Neutrophil Count
Differential Lymphocyte Count
Differential Monocyte Count
Differential Eosinophil Count
Differential Basophil Count

Red Blood Cell Count

The Red Blood Cell Count test measures the total number of red blood cells in your blood. RBCs are the most abundant cells in the blood with an average lifespan of 120 days. These cells are produced in the bone marrow and destroyed in the spleen or liver. Their primary function is to help carry oxygen from the lungs to different body parts. The normal range of RBC count can vary depending on age, gender, and the equipment and methods used for testing.

Hb (Hemoglobin)

The Hb (Hemoglobin) test measures the concentration of hemoglobin in your blood. Hemoglobin binds oxygen molecules and carries them to body tissues while removing carbon dioxide. Low hemoglobin suggests reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. It can be due to anemia, bleeding, nutritional deficiencies (iron, vitamin B12, folate), or chronic disease. High hemoglobin may occur in dehydration, living at high altitudes, smoking, or diseases like polycythemia vera.

What Do the Results Mean?

Pathological Factors

Test Parameter	Interpretation (possible causes)
Low levels	Anemia Decreased red cell production (e.g., chronic kidney disease, chronic inflammatory conditions, red cell aplasia, leukemias, drug toxicity, radiation therapy) Infection and bone marrow failure
High Levels	Certain congenital defects of the heart, failure of the right side of the heart (cor pulmonale), Severe COPD Pulmonary fibrosis and other severe lung disorders are also associated with high hemoglobin Myeloproliferative neoplasms, such as polycythemia vera

Physiological Factors

👶 Age: Age differences may cause variations in Hb levels.

In Neonates, Hb levels are the highest. Hb levels first drop and then gradually increase until puberty.
In healthy elderly individuals, Hb usually stays steady until around the age of 60.

🚹 Gender: Gender differences may cause variations in Hb levels, with males usually having higher values of Hb than females.

🏔️ Altitude: Higher altitudes can cause changes in Hb levels.

🤰 Pregnancy: During pregnancy, physiological changes cause a gradual decrease in the Hb levels, especially during the second trimester.

🧍 Posture: Changes in posture may impact Hb levels. For example, moving from lying to sitting can increase Hb.

🌞 Diurnal and seasonal variation: Slight fluctuations (about 3%) in Hb levels are observed throughout the day.

Lifestyle Factors

🥗 Diet: An inadequate diet, especially low intake of iron, vitamins, and folate, can lower hemoglobin levels.

🚬 Smoking: Long-term smoking can increase hemoglobin levels.

🍷 Alcohol: Excessive alcohol consumption has an increasing effect on hemoglobin levels.

🚴‍♀️ Exercise: Intense exercise is likely to increase hemolysis and iron metabolism and lead to the development of sports anemia.

🥤 Dehydration: Severe dehydration can apparently raise hemoglobin levels.

What Do Normal Hemoglobin Levels Mean?

Normal hemoglobin levels indicate that your body has an adequate capacity to carry oxygen to tissues, ensuring proper function and energy levels.

What Do High Levels of Hemoglobin Indicate?

High hemoglobin levels may indicate chronic lung disease, high-altitude adaptation, or a rare bone marrow condition called polycythemia vera.

What to Do if Your Hemoglobin Is Higher Than Normal?

If your hemoglobin is higher than normal, your doctor will check for possible causes such as dehydration, lung or heart conditions, or increased red blood cell production. Treatment may involve staying well-hydrated, oxygen therapy, or medications to manage red blood cell levels.

What Do Low Levels of Hemoglobin Indicate?

Low hemoglobin levels may indicate anemia. It can be due to iron deficiency, blood loss, chronic illness, or nutrient deficiency (vitamin B12/folate).

Can Hemoglobin Results Be Inaccurate?

Yes, certain factors, such as improper sample handling, dehydration, recent blood transfusion, etc., can affect hemoglobin readings.

What Factors Can Affect Hb (Hemoglobin) Results?

Though it is a reliable test, some circumstances can influence accuracy:

Dehydration
High altitude
Smoking
Excess diuretic use
Recent blood donation
Hemodilution (excess IV fluids)
Pregnancy
Body posture

What Follow-Up Tests May Be Required?

If your hemoglobin levels are abnormal (too low or too high), your doctor may recommend additional tests to identify the underlying cause. These follow-up investigations help determine whether anemia, dehydration, nutritional deficiency, or another health condition is responsible. These tests may include:

Table: Tests Commonly Ordered Alongside Hemoglobin Test

Test Name	Primary Purpose
CBC (Complete Blood Count)	Provides a detailed overview of red and white blood cells and platelets
Serum Iron, Ferritin, TIBC	Identifies iron deficiency or overload
Vitamin B12 and Folate Tests	Detects deficiencies causing anemia
Reticulocyte Count	Evaluates bone marrow response and new red cell production
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis	Detects inherited blood disorders such as thalassemia or sickle cell anemia

How Does the Hemoglobin (Hb) Test Differ from Other Blood Tests?

The Hb (Hemoglobin) test is different from other blood tests because it specifically measures the oxygen-carrying capacity of your blood, not other components:

Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count: Shows the number of red blood cells, but doesn’t indicate how well they carry oxygen.
Hematocrit (Hct): Measures the proportion of blood made up of red cells, but not the hemoglobin content directly.
Iron Studies (Serum Iron, Ferritin, TIBC): Assess iron levels and storage, which affect hemoglobin, but don’t directly show oxygen transport.
Complete Blood Count (CBC): Gives overall blood cell counts, but hemoglobin specifically tells how much oxygen your blood can carry.

Platelet Count

The Platelet Count test measures the average number of platelets in the blood. Platelets are disk-shaped tiny cells originating from large cells known as megakaryocytes, which are found in the bone marrow. After the platelets are formed, they are released into the blood circulation. Their average life span is 7-10 days.

Platelets help stop the bleeding, whenever there is an injury or trauma to a tissue or blood vessel, by adhering and accumulating at the injury site and releasing chemical compounds that stimulate the gathering of more platelets. A loose platelet plug is formed at the site of injury and this process is known as primary hemostasis. These activated platelets support the coagulation pathway that involves a series of steps, including the sequential activation of clotting factors; this process is known as secondary hemostasis. After this step, there is a formation of fibrin strands that form a mesh incorporated into and around the platelet plug. This mesh strengthens and stabilizes the blood clot so that it remains in place until the injury heals. After healing, other factors come into play and break the clot down so that it gets removed. In case the platelets are not sufficient in number or not functioning properly, a stable clot might not form. These unstable clots can result in an increased risk of excessive bleeding.

Total Leukocyte Count

The Total Leukocyte Count test measures the numbers of all types of leukocytes, namely neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil, in your blood. Leukocytes or WBCs are an essential part of our immune system. These cells are produced in the bone marrow and defend the body against infections and diseases. Each type of WBC plays a unique role to protect against infections and is present in different numbers.

Absolute Basophil Count

An Absolute Basophil Count test measures the total number of basophils in the blood. Basophils are small, spherically-shaped cells that originate from bone marrow and make up almost 1% of the total white blood cells in the body. They attack a foreign substance and release proteins like histamine and heparin to destroy harmful substances, such as allergens, pathogens, or parasites. Histamine helps widen the blood vessels and make space for more immune cells to come to the site of infection or injury, whereas heparin acts as a blood-thinning agent and helps to avoid blood clotting at that site.

Absolute Monocyte Count

An Absolute Monocyte Count test measures the total number of monocytes in the blood. Monocytes are a type of WBC that originate from bone marrow and travel to different tissues via the blood. Once they are inside the tissue, these cells get converted to macrophages (a type of cell that digest harmful substances). Monocytes are the second line of defense mechanism of the human body after neutrophils. These cells are also responsible for the removal of injured or dead cells, microorganisms, and other insoluble particles from the blood.

Absolute Eosinophil Count

An Absolute Eosinophil Count test measures the number of eosinophils in the blood and provides important information about the functioning of the immune system. Eosinophils originate from bone marrow and have a lifespan of 8-18 hours. These cells are involved in fighting certain types of infections and responding to allergic reactions in the body. Other functions of these cells include movement to the inflammation areas, trapping substances, killing cells, and bactericidal and antiparasitic activities. They also help in the treatment of immediate allergic reactions and modulation of inflammatory responses. By measuring the number of eosinophils in the blood, this test provides important information about the functioning of the immune system.

Hematocrit

The Hematocrit test measures the proportion of red blood cells (RBCs) in your blood as a percentage of the total blood volume. It is a crucial part of a complete blood count (CBC) and helps in assessing your blood health. RBCs are responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to different parts of the body. The hematocrit test provides valuable information about your blood's oxygen-carrying capacity.

Higher-than-normal amounts of RBCs produced by the bone marrow can cause the hematocrit to increase, leading to increased blood density and slow blood flow. On the other hand, lower-than-normal hematocrit can be caused by low production of RBCs, reduced lifespan of RBCs in circulation, or excessive bleeding, leading to a reduced amount of oxygen being transported by RBCs. Monitoring your hematocrit levels is essential for diagnosing and managing various blood-related disorders.

Mean Corpuscular Volume

The Mean Corpuscular Volume test measures the average size of your red blood cells, which carry oxygen through your body. This test tells whether your RBCs are of average size and volume or whether they are bigger or smaller.

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin

An MCH test measures the average amount of hemoglobin in a single red blood cell (RBC). Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in RBCs, and its major function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to all body parts. This test provides information about how much oxygen is being delivered to the body by a certain number of RBCs.

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration

An MCHC test measures the average amount of hemoglobin in a given volume of RBCs. MCHC is calculated by dividing the amount of hemoglobin by hematocrit (volume of blood made up of RBCs) and then multiplying it by 100.

Mean Platelet Volume

An MPV test measures the average size of the platelets in your blood. Platelets are disk-shaped tiny cells originating from large cells known as megakaryocytes, which are found in the bone marrow. After the platelets are formed, they are released into the blood circulation. Their average life span is 7-10 days.

Platelets help stop bleeding whenever there is an injury or trauma to a tissue or blood vessel by adhering and accumulating at the injury site, and by releasing chemical compounds that stimulate the gathering of more platelets. After these steps, a loose platelet plug is formed at the site of injury, and this process is known as primary hemostasis. These activated platelets support the coagulation pathway that involves a series of steps including the sequential activation of clotting factors; this process is known as secondary hemostasis. After this, there is a formation of fibrin strands that form a mesh incorporated into and around the platelet plug. This mesh strengthens and stabilizes the blood clot so that it remains in place until the injury heals. After healing, other factors come into play and break the clot down so that it gets removed. In case the platelets are not sufficient in number or are not functioning properly, a stable clot might not form. These unstable clots can result in an increased risk of excessive bleeding.

The PDW test reflects variability in platelet size, and is considered a marker of platelet function and activation (clot formation in case of an injury). This marker can give you additional information about your platelets and the cause of a high or low platelet count. Larger platelets are usually younger platelets that have been recently released from the bone marrow, while smaller platelets may be older and have been in circulation for a few days. Higher PDW values reflect a larger range of platelet size, which may result from increased activation, destruction and consumption of platelets.

RDW CV

The RDW CV test which is part of red cell indices, helps identify characteristics of red blood cells. RDW (red cell distribution width) measures the variations in the sizes of red blood cells, indicating how much they differ from each other in a blood sample. RDW is expressed as RDW-CV, a coefficient of variation. A higher RDW may suggest more variation in red cell sizes, while a lower RDW indicates more uniform red cell sizes.

RBS (Random Blood Sugar)

The RBS (Random Blood Sugar) test measures the amount of glucose circulating in your blood at any random time. Since glucose levels vary during the day depending on meals, physical activity, and hormone balance, this test provides a quick snapshot of your body’s ability to regulate sugar.

Persistently high random glucose levels may indicate insulin resistance, prediabetes, or diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2). It can also be used to check how well diabetes is being managed with medication, diet, or lifestyle changes.

What Do the Results Mean?

Pathological Factors

Test Parameter	Interpretation (possible causes)
Normal	No diabetes
Borderline/Elevated	Pre-diabetes (can be due to insulin resistance, and other risk factors like obesity, unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, etc.)
High levels	Diabetes

Physiological Factors

🧒 Age: Glucose levels may increase slightly with age, even in healthy individuals.

🫄 Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can temporarily alter blood sugar levels.

Lifestyle Factors

🥙 Diet: High sugar intake and irregular meals can affect glucose readings.

😴 Sleep: Poor sleep quality, irregular sleep patterns, or chronic stress may elevate glucose levels.

🚬 Smoking & Alcohol: Both factors can interfere with insulin function and lead to altered blood sugar test results.

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized guidance.

What Do Normal RBS Levels Mean?

Normal RBS levels mean your body is effectively controlling glucose and insulin balance, indicating good metabolic health.

What Do High Levels of RBS Indicate?

High RBS suggests prediabetes or diabetes, depending on the severity. It could also occur temporarily due to stress, illness, or certain medications.

What to Do if Your RBS Is Higher Than Normal?

If your RBS level is higher than normal, consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation. They may recommend a fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, or glucose tolerance test to confirm the diagnosis and guide lifestyle or treatment changes such as diet, exercise, or medication.

What Do Low Levels of RBS Indicate?

Low RBS levels (hypoglycemia) may occur due to skipped meals, excessive insulin or diabetes medication, prolonged fasting, or intense physical activity. Symptoms can include sweating, dizziness, shakiness, confusion, or fainting. Immediate medical attention is advised if these symptoms occur.

Can RBS Results Be Inaccurate?

Yes. Certain conditions or external factors, such as recent meals, illness, medications (like steroids), or lack of sleep, can affect RBS results. If your readings do not align with your symptoms or overall health, your doctor may recommend repeating the test or performing additional investigations to confirm accuracy.

What Factors Can Affect RBS (Random Blood Sugar) test Results?

Though it is a reliable test, several factors can influence accuracy:

Heavy meals or high sugar intake before the test
Physical exertion or stress
Illness or infection
Lack of sleep or irregular sleep pattern
Dehydration
Hormonal imbalance (pregnancy, menstruation)
Medications like steroids or diuretics
Alcohol or caffeine intake

What Follow-Up Tests May Be Required?

Based on your RBS (Random Blood Sugar) test results, your doctor may recommend additional tests to confirm diabetes or assess blood sugar control. These may include:

Table: Tests Commonly Ordered Alongside Random Blood Sugar Test

Test Name	Primary Purpose
HbA1c (Glycosylated Hemoglobin)	Measures average blood sugar over 2–3 months
Postprandial Blood Sugar (PPBS)	Checks glucose levels 2 hours after eating
FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar)	Measures glucose after 8–12 hours of fasting
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)	Evaluates how the body processes sugar
Lipid Profile	Evaluates cholesterol and overall heart risk
Urine Microalbumin	Detects early signs of kidney damage

How Does RBS (Random Blood Sugar) Differ from Other Blood Tests?

PPBS (Postprandial Blood Sugar): Measures blood sugar 2 hours after eating a meal.

FBS (Postprandial Blood Sugar): Measures glucose after 8–12 hours of fasting.

OGTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test): Measures blood sugar before and after consuming glucose.

Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c): Reflects average blood sugar over the past 2–3 months.

Know more about RBS (Random Blood Sugar)

Uric Acid, Serum

The Uric Acid, Serum test measures the amount of uric acid in your blood. Uric acid is a waste product formed when the body breaks down purines. Purines are the natural substances found in your body’s cells (DNA) and in certain foods like red meat or seafood. Under normal conditions, uric acid dissolves in the blood, passes through the kidneys, and is excreted in the urine. When this process doesn’t work properly, due to either increased production or reduced elimination, the uric acid can build up in the blood. This may indicate underlying health issues such as kidney dysfunction, gout, or the presence of kidney stones. In some cases, the exact reason for high uric acid levels is unclear. On the other hand, low uric acid levels are rarely a cause for concern. This test helps doctors understand if uric acid levels are within a healthy range and whether further evaluation or treatment is needed.

What Do the Results Mean?

Pathological Factors

Test Parameter

Interpretation

Possible causes

High Uric Acid

Hyperuricemia

Increased uric acid production due to:

Leukemia
Multiple myeloma
Paget’s disease
Psoriasis
Chemotherapy
Polycythemia vera
Lymphoma
Hemolysis
Sickle cell anemia
Pneumonia

Decreased uric acid removal due to:

Kidney disorder
Metabolic Acidosis
Hypovolemia
Sarcoidosis
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Genetic disorders

Both increased production and decreased removal in:

Gout
Asymptomatic hyperuricemia

Low Uric Acid

Hypouricemia

Decreased uric acid production due to:

Xanthinuria

Increased uric acid removal due to:

Wilson's disease
Fanconi syndrome
Acromegaly (some patients)
Celiac disease (slightly)
Neoplasms

Physiological Factors

🧒 Age: Uric acid level rises every 10 years in men. However, it only begins increasing after the age of 50 in women.

🧑‍🦳 Gender: Men generally have higher uric acid levels than women.

🫄 Pregnancy: Uric acid levels tend to drop during early pregnancy due to hormonal changes. These levels return to normal as the pregnancy progresses.

🩸Menopause: Uric acid levels are higher after menopause due to low estrogen levels.

Lifestyle Factors

🏃 Exercise: Weight loss and physical exercise lower uric acid levels.

🥗 Diet: Eating purine-rich foods (such as alcohol, red meat, seafood, etc., and fructose- or sugar-containing beverages) increases the uric acid levels.

😟Stress: Stress can affect blood cortisol levels and thus uric acid concentrations.

💊Medications: Medicines, such as diuretics, immunosuppressants, chemotherapeutic agents, etc., can affect uric acid removal. Therefore, they increase uric acid levels.

Geographical Location: High-altitude regions, such as mountains, can also increase the uric acid production, raising its levels.

What Do Normal Uric Acid, Serum Levels Mean?

Normal uric acid levels suggest proper breakdown of purines and uric acid removal. It means your kidneys are working properly. It means that you have a low risk of other health problems like kidney stones, gout, or kidney problems.

What Do High Levels of Uric Acid, Serum Indicate?

High uric acid levels (hyperuricemia) indicate problems in uric acid synthesis or removal. This can happen due to kidney issues and can lead to gout and kidney stones. Also, these levels increase the chances of diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease.

What to Do if the Levels Are Higher Than Normal?

If your uric acid levels are higher than normal, it may indicate conditions such as gout, kidney disease, or metabolic disorders. Your doctor will evaluate your symptoms and may suggest lifestyle changes like reducing intake of purine-rich foods, limiting alcohol and sugary drinks, and staying well-hydrated to help flush out excess uric acid.

What Do Low Levels of Uric Acid, Serum Indicate?

Low uric acid levels (hypouricemia) result from increased uric acid removal from the body or decreased production of uric acid. It can occur due to certain medicines or health issues, such as problems in the kidneys, thyroid, or parathyroid glands. Generally, low uric acid levels do not show any symptoms. However, they are associated with muscle weakness, fatigue, and rare genetic disorders. Low uric acid levels are not very common and are often discovered incidentally during routine blood tests. Since low readings can have different causes, always consult a doctor to understand what they mean in your specific case.

Can Uric Acid, Serum Results Be Inaccurate?

Yes. Certain conditions can affect test accuracy. If your uric acid serum test results do not align with your symptoms or overall health, your doctor may recommend repeating the test or ordering additional investigations.

What Factors Can Affect Uric Acid, Serum Results?

Though it is a reliable test, several factors can influence the accuracy:

Diet including purine-rich or fructose-containing foods
Alcohol
Certain medications, like diuretics or immunosuppressants
Pregnancy
Menopause
Age
Dehydration
Exercise
Certain medical conditions, like kidney diseases or cancer

What Follow-Up Tests May Be Required?

Based on your uric acid results, your doctor may recommend additional tests to get a clearer picture of your health or to monitor possible complications. These may include kidney panels, cholesterol testing, or a CBC test.

Table: Tests Commonly Ordered Alongside Uric Acid, Serum:

Test Name	Primary Purpose
Urinalysis	Measures uric acid in urine to assess kidney stones
KFT	Analyzes kidney health to detect issues with kidney function
CBC	Determines the levels of blood cells to detect the disease behind abnormal uric acid levels
Lipid profile	Measures lipid levels for the presence or risk of other disorders, such as heart disease
HbA1c	Estimates blood sugar for the presence of diabetes
Renal CT scan or ultrasound	Visualizes stones in the kidneys
X-rays	Detect swelling in joints
Joint Aspiration	Analyzes the presence of uric acid crystals in joints

How Does the Uric Acid, Serum Test Differ from Other Kidney Function Tests?

The Uric Acid, Serum test measures the level of uric acid in the blood, which is a byproduct of purine metabolism. Elevated or decreased levels can indicate kidney issues, metabolic disorders, or other health conditions. Other related tests include:

Serum Creatinine: Measures creatinine to assess kidney filtration efficiency and overall kidney function.
Urine Uric Acid: Measures uric acid excretion in urine to assess kidney function, detect risk of uric acid kidney stones, or evaluate metabolic disorders.
BUN/Urea: Gives an idea of how well your kidneys are working. The levels can change with your diet or water intake.
Serum Electrolytes: Measures important minerals like sodium, potassium, and chloride to check your body’s mineral balance.
eGFR: Estimates your overall kidney function based on creatinine level, age, sex, and body size.

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TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) Ultrasensitive

The TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) Ultrasensitive test measures the levels of TSH hormone in the blood. TSH is produced by the pituitary gland located at the base of the brain. Its function is to stimulate and regulate the functioning of the thyroid gland. It signals the thyroid gland to increase or decrease the production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4 when their levels are low or high, respectively. Therefore, when the levels of T3 & T4 decrease, the pituitary gland is stimulated to release TSH. This high TSH level, in turn, stimulates the thyroid gland to release more thyroid hormones (T3 & T4). Vice versa happens when the levels of thyroid hormones increase.

What Do the Results Mean?

Pathological Factors

Test Result	Interpretation	Possible Causes / Conditions
Low TSH	Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid)	Graves’ disease (autoimmune) Thyroid nodules producing excess hormones Thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid) Excess thyroid hormone therapy
High TSH	Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)	Primary hypothyroidism (e.g., Hashimoto thyroiditis) Iodine deficiency Pituitary gland dysfunction (secondary hypothyroidism is rare but possible) Recovery from acute illness

Physiological Factors

🧒Age: TSH may slightly increase with age.

🫄 Pregnancy: TSH levels may drop in early pregnancy because of hormonal changes.

🧑‍🦳 Gender: Women generally have higher TSH levels than men and are more prone to thyroid imbalances, especially during pregnancy, after childbirth, or around menopause.

⚖️ Body Weight & Metabolism: Weight gain or loss can slightly affect TSH levels.

Lifestyle Factors

🥗 Diet: Too little iodine can increase TSH, while too much may lower it.

😟 Stress: Long-term stress can disturb thyroid hormone balance.

💊 Medications: Some medicines, like steroids or lithium, can change TSH levels.

🛌 Sleep Patterns: Poor sleep can affect thyroid hormone control.

🚬 Smoking & Alcohol: Smoking may lower TSH, and too much alcohol can harm thyroid function.

🏃 Physical Activity: Regular exercise supports thyroid health, but extreme workouts can cause temporary TSH changes.

What Do Normal TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) Ultrasensitive Levels Mean?

Normal TSH levels indicate that your thyroid is functioning well, producing the right amount of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) to regulate metabolism, energy, and overall body functions. Balanced TSH suggests your body is maintaining proper hormonal balance, supporting healthy weight, energy levels, mood, and cardiovascular health.

What Do High Levels of TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) Ultrasensitive Indicate?

High TSH levels usually mean the thyroid is underactive (hypothyroidism). The pituitary gland releases extra TSH to make the thyroid produce more hormones.

Common causes include:

Autoimmune thyroid problems like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Pituitary gland disorders
Recovery after illness or thyroid surgery
Some medicines or a lack of nutrients

What to Do if Your TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) Is Higher Than Normal?

If your TSH level is high, talk to your doctor. They may:

Recheck with more thyroid tests (T3, T4, or antibodies)
Review your medicines, diet, and health history
Recommend thyroid hormone treatment if required
Track symptoms like tiredness, weight gain, feeling cold, or hair loss

Timely management can help control thyroid imbalances effectively.

What Do Low Levels of TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) Ultrasensitive Indicate?

Low TSH levels usually mean your thyroid is overactive (hyperthyroidism). This happens when the thyroid releases excess thyroid hormones, so the pituitary gland reduces TSH production.

Possible causes include:

Graves’ disease (autoimmune thyroid disorder)
Thyroid nodules that produce extra hormones
Thyroid inflammation (thyroiditis)
Taking too much thyroid medicine

If your TSH is low, your doctor may suggest more tests like T3, T4, thyroid antibody tests, or an ultrasound to find the cause and decide the right treatment.

Can TSH Results Be Inaccurate?

Yes. Certain factors such as pregnancy, recent illness, medications, or underlying pituitary or thyroid disorders can affect TSH levels and lead to inaccurate results. If your results do not match your symptoms or overall health, your doctor may suggest repeating the test or additional testing.

What Factors Can Affect TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) Ultrasensitive Results?

The TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) Ultrasensitive test is reliable, but a few factors can affect its accuracy, such as:

Recent thyroid surgery or radioactive iodine treatment
Taking biotin supplements
Severe illness or hospitalization
Certain medicines (like amiodarone or lithium)
Pregnancy

What Follow-Up Tests May Be Required?

Based on your TSH results, your doctor may suggest more tests to better understand your thyroid health. These tests may include:

Table: Tests Commonly Ordered Alongside TSH

Test Name	Primary Purpose
Free T4 (Thyroxine)	Measures circulating thyroid hormone to assess thyroid function
Free T3 (Triiodothyronine)	Evaluates active thyroid hormone levels in the blood
Anti-TPO / Anti-Tg Antibodies	Detects autoimmune thyroid disorders like Hashimoto’s or Graves’ disease
Thyroid Ultrasound	Assesses thyroid size, nodules, and structural abnormalities
Lipid Profile	Monitors cholesterol and cardiovascular risk, which can be affected by thyroid disorders
Liver/Kidney Function Tests	Checks organ health, as thyroid imbalances can influence metabolism and organ function
Hormone Assessments	Evaluates pituitary or adrenal involvement if needed

How Does TSH Test Differ from Other Thyroid Tests?

It is important to understand how the TSH test differs from other common thyroid tests:

TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone): Measures how much signal the pituitary gland is sending to the thyroid to make hormones.

Total T4: Measures the overall amount of thyroxine (T4) in the blood, including both bound and unbound forms, to understand thyroid hormone production.

Free T4 (FT4): Checks the active form of T4 that is available for use by the body. It helps assess how well the thyroid is functioning.

Total T3: Measures the total amount of triiodothyronine (T3), the active hormone derived from T4, often helpful in detecting hyperthyroidism.

Free T3 (FT3): Evaluates the unbound, active T3 level to understand how efficiently T4 is being converted to T3.

Thyroid Antibody Tests (TPOAb, TgAb): Identify autoimmune thyroid conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or Graves’ disease.

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