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Did you know that obesity is now considered a chronic disease [1], not just a lifestyle problem? Every day, millions of people silently carry not just excess weight, but also shame, judgment, and guilt. They are told to \u201cjust eat less\u201d or \u201cmove more”, but the causes of obesity and what really works are not that simple.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Dr. Sarthak Chakarvarthy, Consultant Physician at TATA 1mg, states that \u201cDoctors are treating obesity as a medical condition that sometimes needs medical treatment. Emerging anti-obesity drugs can offer hope.\u201d<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n This World Obesity Day<\/b>, it\u2019s important to pause and look at \u201c8 billion reasons to act on obesity\u201d, which is the theme for this year [2]. The message is simple yet powerful \u2014 with the world\u2019s population now crossing 8 billion, every single life matters. Obesity affects people across age groups, geographies, and income levels. Acting on obesity is not just about individual health \u2014 it is about protecting global health. Because for many people, it isn\u2019t about laziness or lack of willpower. It\u2019s biology, hormones, genetics, and environment. Let\u2019s understand more.<\/span><\/p>\n Obesity is defined using Body Mass Index (BMI), but health risks go far beyond a calculation. Excess body fat, mainly around the abdomen, increases the risk of [3]:<\/span><\/p>\n – Type 2 diabetes But what is often overlooked is the emotional toll, anxiety, low self-esteem, social stigma, and constant dieting cycles. Obesity affects physical and mental health together. This increases the chances of developing depression, eating disorders, and similar conditions. The theme \u201c8 Billion Reasons to Act\u201d highlights that obesity is not a niche problem\u2014it affects families, healthcare systems, and economies worldwide. With over 8 billion people on the planet, rising obesity rates increase the burden of other health issues. Acting early means reducing preventable disease and protecting millions of lives.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Body Mass Index (BMI) is a screening tool used to classify weight status.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Standard World Health Organization (WHO) classifications are [4]:<\/b><\/p>\n – Normal weight: 18.5 \u2013 24.9 kg\/m\u00b2 Asian\/Indian Cut-offs (More Sensitive to Risk) [4]:<\/b><\/p>\n – Normal weight: 18.5 \u2013 22.9 kg\/m\u00b2 For Indian populations, health risks like diabetes and heart disease may begin at lower BMI levels. That\u2019s why doctors often use the Asian cut-offs. However, BMI does not measure body fat distribution. Waist circumference and metabolic markers are equally important.<\/span><\/p>\n 1. Genetic Predisposition 2. Sedentary Lifestyle 3. Ultra-Processed Diets 4. Poor Sleep 5. Hormonal Imbalances 6. Stress 7. Environmental and Social Factors If you are someone who is struggling with weight, you should:<\/span><\/p>\n – Avoid crash diets<\/span> In recent years, a class of medications known as GLP-1 receptor agonists, including semaglutide, has changed the conversation. Originally developed for type 2 diabetes, these medications were found to support weight reduction significantly.<\/span><\/p>\n GLP-1 is a hormone naturally released in the gut after eating. It helps regulate appetite and blood sugar. When used as medication, GLP-1 receptor agonists may [5]:<\/span><\/p>\n As a result, people tend to eat less \u2014 not by force, but because appetite itself is reduced. Heard about food noise \u2013 it’s something many patients can relate to. The constant thoughts about eating, strong cravings, and difficulty feeling satisfied. For some, GLP-1 medications quiet that internal struggle. Like all medications, GLP-1 receptor agonists have side effects. Common ones include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, and reduced appetite. Most side effects are mild and improve over time. However, they are not suitable for everyone. A thorough medical evaluation is necessary before starting treatment. Long-term safety data is still expanding, and doctors weigh benefits versus risks carefully. This is not a trend-driven decision; it\u2019s a clinical one.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Dr. Sarthak adds that, although GLP-1-based medications have shown promising results, prevention through diet, movement, and systemic changes remains essential.<\/b><\/p>\n Before medications are even considered to reduce the causes of obesity, foundational habits can include:\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n – Nutrition:<\/b> Balanced meals with adequate protein, fiber, and controlled portions that can improve insulin sensitivity. Reducing ultra-processed foods and sugary drinks can make a measurable difference.<\/span><\/p>\n – Movement: <\/b>Regular physical activity, especially strength training combined with moderate cardio, can support metabolic health.<\/span><\/p>\n – Sleep and Stress: <\/b>Chronic sleep deprivation and stress can increase cortisol levels and disrupt appetite regulation.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n These lifestyle changes aren\u2019t optional. They remain central to obesity management, but for some people, lifestyle efforts alone are not enough.<\/span><\/p>\n For individuals with severe obesity or obesity with serious complications, bariatric surgery remains an option. It works by altering gut hormones, appetite signals, and nutrient absorption. Surgery and medication are not competing tools \u2014 they are part of a spectrum of medical care. The right choice depends on individual health status.<\/span><\/p>\n World Obesity Day is not about promoting weight loss fads. It is about awareness and understanding what the causes of obesity are and what you can really do. Obesity deserves medical attention, just like hypertension or diabetes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Q. What are the causes of obesity in India?<\/b><\/p>\n The causes of obesity are:<\/span><\/p>\n – Sedentary lifestyles Q. What are some of the risks involved with obesity?<\/b><\/p>\n Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, fatty liver, and certain cancers. It can also develop joint problems or sleep apnea.<\/span><\/p>\n Q. Can obesity be reversed?<\/b><\/p>\n Yes, weight reduction and metabolic improvement are possible with sustained lifestyle changes, medical support, and, in some cases, medications or surgery. Early intervention works best.<\/span><\/p>\n Q. What is the biggest indicator of obesity?<\/b><\/p>\n Body Mass Index (BMI) is commonly used, but waist circumference is also an important indicator, especially for abdominal fat.<\/span><\/p>\n Q. Which cancers are caused by obesity?<\/b><\/p>\n Obesity is linked to a higher risk of breast (postmenopausal), colorectal, endometrial, pancreatic, kidney, and liver cancers [2].<\/span><\/p>\n Q. What are the four pillars of good and balanced health?<\/b><\/p>\n The four pillars of optimised health are balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, adequate sleep, and stress management.<\/span><\/p>\n Q. What weight is considered dangerously obese?<\/b><\/p>\n A BMI of 30 or above is considered obese, and 40 or above is classified as severe or morbid obesity. The higher the BMI, the higher the health risks.<\/span><\/p>\n Q. What blood tests are done for obesity?<\/b><\/p>\n For obesity, doctors may check fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, lipid profile, thyroid function, and liver function. Sometimes insulin levels are also checked for metabolic health. All these tests are usually done or recommended for obesity.<\/span><\/p>\n 1. World Health Organization: WHO. Obesity and overweight. <\/span>https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/obesity-and-overweight<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span>Published December 8, 2025. 2. May T. World Obesity Day 2026: 8 Billion Reasons to Act on Obesity. <\/span>Research Communities by Springer Nature<\/i>. <\/span>https:\/\/communities.springernature.com\/posts\/world-obesity-day-2026-8-billion-reasons-to-act-on-obesity<\/span>.<\/a> Published March 5, 2026.<\/span><\/p>\n 3. Health Risks of Overweight & Obesity. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. <\/span>https:\/\/www.niddk.nih.gov\/health-information\/weight-management\/adult-overweight-obesity\/health-risks<\/span><\/a>. Published October 7, 2025.<\/span><\/p>\nObesity Is More Than A Number On the Scale<\/span><\/h2>\n
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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a health risk [1]. It is classified as a chronic, complex disease influenced by genetic, metabolic, behavioural, and environmental factors.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/span>– Heart disease
\n<\/span>– High blood pressure
\n<\/span>– Fatty liver disease
\n<\/span>– Joint problems (gout or osteoarthritis)
\n<\/span>– Sleep apnea
\n<\/span>– Certain cancers<\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/span>Read the signs of eating disorders beforehand and stay alert!<\/b><\/a><\/p>\nUnderstanding BMI: Where Do You Fall?<\/span><\/h2>\n
\n<\/span>– Overweight: 25 \u2013 29.9 kg\/m\u00b2
\n<\/span>– Obese: 30 kg\/m\u00b2 and above<\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/span>– Overweight: 23 \u2013 24.9 kg\/m\u00b2
\n<\/span>– Obese: 25 kg\/m\u00b2 and above<\/span><\/p>\nWhat Are Some Common Causes of Obesity<\/span><\/h2>\n
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Obesity develops from multiple overlapping factors \u2014 not just overeating.<\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/b>Some individuals are biologically more prone to weight gain and fat storage.<\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/b>Long work hours, screen time, and reduced physical movement can significantly lower calorie expenditure.<\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/b>High intake of refined carbs, sugary beverages, fried snacks, and packaged foods contributes to excess calorie intake.<\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/b>Chronic sleep deprivation can increase hunger hormones and reduce satiety signals.<\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/b>Conditions such as hypothyroidism, PCOS, and insulin resistance can influence weight.<\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/b>Chronic stress elevates cortisol, which may promote abdominal fat accumulation.<\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/b>Easy access to calorie-dense food and limited access to safe spaces for physical activity also play a role.<\/span><\/p>\nWhat Should You Do If You\u2019re Struggling With Weight?<\/span><\/h3>\n
\n– Get your blood sugar, thyroid, and metabolic markers checked
\n<\/span>– Speak to a doctor if BMI is in the overweight or obese range
\n<\/span>– Ask whether medication is appropriate \u2014 don\u2019t assume
\n<\/span>– Focus on long-term health, not just appearance<\/span><\/p>\nThe Rise of GLP-1-Based Anti-Obesity Medications<\/span><\/h2>\n
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<\/h2>\nHow do they work?<\/span><\/h3>\n
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\n<\/span>If you don’t know about \u2018Food Noise\u2019, just click to know more.<\/b><\/a><\/p>\nWho Are These GLP-1 Medications For?<\/span><\/h2>\n
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GLP-1-based treatments are not cosmetic tools. They are prescribed for individuals who have a BMI \u2265 30 or BMI \u2265 27 with obesity-related conditions like diabetes, etc. However, regular monitoring is still required, and dosages need to be adjusted gradually. Though lifestyle guidance continues, self-medication or using these drugs without medical supervision can be risky.<\/span><\/p>\nAre They Safe?<\/span><\/h3>\n
\n<\/span>To start with, speak to a professional guide or doctor today!<\/b><\/a><\/p>\nLifestyle Still Comes First<\/span><\/h2>\n
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What About Surgery?<\/span><\/h2>\n
The Way Forward: Compassion Over Criticism<\/span><\/h2>\n
FAQs<\/span><\/h2>\n
\n<\/span>– High intake of ultra-processed foods
\n<\/span>– Sugary beverages
\n<\/span>– Poor sleep
\n<\/span>– Stress
\n–<\/span>\u00a0Genetic predisposition
\n<\/span>– Hormonal conditions like PCOS or hypothyroidism\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nReferences<\/span><\/h2>\n
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